Management and Educational Perspective

Abstract The aim of this research is to analyze the causes and consequences of the phenomenon of isomorphism in universities in the country using the fuzzy cognitive map method. The present research is an exploratory research in terms of its applied purpose in terms of data collection. This research is also a mixed research type and is based on qualitative and quantitative research. The statistical population of the research is university professors and managers who were selected using a purposive sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy. The data collection tool in the qualitative part is an interview, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed using content validity and theoretical validity and the intra-coder and inter-coder reliability methods. The data collection tool in the quantitative part is a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed using content validity and test-retest reliability. Qualitative data were analyzed using the content analysis method and coding with MAXQDA 2020 software, and quantitative data were analyzed using the fuzzy cognitive map method. The findings of this study indicate that the attempt to impose the functions of academic discipline, the transformation of administrators from facilitators of creating an atmosphere of deep learning and deep thinking to administrative controllers, the university's departure from educational and research axes to administrative and executive axes are the most important factors in the emergence of the isomorphism phenomenon in universities. Also, the disappearance of the flow of innovation, dynamism and creative spirit of universities, the transformation of academics into a tool for expanding bureaucracy, and the lack of effective involvement of the academic community in the country's problems were identified as the most important consequences of the isomorphism phenomenon in universities.

Abstract The aim of this research is to validate and prioritize the organizing themes of the competency model of professional managers in the General Directorate of Education of Kerman Province. The present research is fundamental-applied in terms of its purpose and quantitative in terms of its implementation, and it is a survey research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the present research includes all employees of the General Directorate of Education of Kerman Province, numbering 1048 people, of which 428 people (validation of the research model) were selected using the systematic random sampling method and a questionnaire was distributed among them. The collection tool in the present research is a questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS version 26, SMART PLS version 3 and EXCEL version 2019 software were used, and in order to prioritize the organizing theme of the variable competency model of professional managers based on management in the Martyr Hajj Qasem Soleimani School, multi-criteria decision-making techniques (analytical hierarchy process) were used. The results showed that the themes of "self-management and individual competence", "change-seeking in the organization" and "value-based competences" had the most explanations in relation to the competences of professional managers based on management in the school of Martyr Hajj Qasem Soleimani in the General Directorate of Education of Kerman Province.

Abstract The aim of this research is to present a model of effective factors of e-learning with a strategic approach of memorization-learning in the educational system of universities in Mazandaran province. The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of its nature and method. The statistical population of the present research includes 200 members of all academic staff in Mazandaran city in 2024 as a sample and selected using the available sampling method. The collection tool in the present research includes a questionnaire. Structural equation modeling method and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. According to the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, all factors were confirmed as effective indicators of e-learning with a strategic approach of memorization-learning. According to the results, it can be said that the results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire indicators are affected by 10 underlying factors and these 10 factors can explain more than 78 percent of the variability (variance) of the variables. The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor loadings of all items were more than 0.4 and acceptable. The results of the significance test of t-statistic values ​​showed that the t-statistic values ​​for all items were reported to be more than 2.58. This means that the relationship between the items and their respective latent variable was accepted at a confidence level of 99%.

Abstract The purpose of the research was to analyzing the role of employees' slacktivism in organizational isolation (OI) with emphasis on the mediating role of self-presentation (SP) and organizational silence (OS). This research was applied in terms of purpose and survey-causal in terms of the nature of the method. The statistical population was all the employees of the executive bodies of Ardabil province. Considering the size of the population, which according to the latest statistics was about 40,000 people, the sample size was determined to be 380 people using Cochran's formula, and the selection of these people from the population was done by simple random method. Data collection was done through four questionnaires. Validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis and reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done by SEM method and using SPSS 26 and Smart-PLS 3 software. The findings showed that since the t-value is greater than 1.96 at the 95% confidence level and considering the path coefficients, slacktivism has a positive and significant effect on OI, SP and OS. Also, SP has a positive and significant effect on OI. In addition, OS has a positive and significant effect on OI. Also, since the Z-value is greater than 1.96 at the 95% confidence level and considering the path coefficients, SP and OS plays a mediating role in the relationship between slacktivism and OI. The results lead organizations to make more efforts to reduce the slacktivist behaviors of their employees in order to prevent organizational isolation in them.

Abstract Professional marginalization in higher education is a hidden but effective phenomenon that can weaken the human capital of the university and overshadow its scientific and social functions. Therefore, the present study examines the roots and psychological-organizational consequences of the phenomenon of professional marginalization in Iranian higher education. A qualitative research approach and an interpretive phenomenological strategy were used. The research participants included 18 professors and academic experts from several public universities who were selected through purposive sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. The data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. The data were also analyzed using the inductive coding method and MaxQuda 2020 software. The findings showed that professional marginalization in universities is reproduced in institutional structures and culture rather than being caused by individual failure. Centralized bureaucratic structures, a quantified culture and formal evaluation based on points, and a number-based system that ignores the social impact of knowledge are among the most important organizational factors of this phenomenon. These conditions lead to consequences such as a sense of meaninglessness, existential burnout, professional isolation, reduced collaborative interactions, loss of self-confidence, collapse of academic identity, and decline in the social status of academics. In summary, academic professional marginalization is a structural and lived experience in Iranian higher education that requires a rethinking of structures, academic culture, and the evaluation system.

Abstract The main goal of the present study was to measure the effect of the artificial intelligence usage on improving the strategic thinking skills of management students with the ethics as moderation. The paradigm of the present study was positivism, its approach was quantitative, and its strategy was descriptive-survey. A total of 374 samples of management students responded to the questionnaire. The results obtained showed that the use of artificial intelligence tools has a positive effect on various dimensions of strategic thinking (systemic thinking, creative thinking, visionary thinking, and critical thinking), smart learning, and academic performance. The mediating role of strategic thinking (critical thinking and visionary thinking) was confirmed in the relationship between the use of artificial intelligence and academic performance, as well as in the relationship between smart learning and academic performance. On the other hand, personal ethics, in addition to its positive impact on smart learning, plays a moderating role in the relationship between smart learning and strategic thinking (systemic thinking, critical thinking, and visionary thinking). The present study provides insights into the use of artificial intelligence tools in developing strategic thinking skills for the first time, which researchers, managers, students, and organizations can benefit from.

Abstract The present study aims to design and present a sustainable human resource management model with an approach to promoting meritocracy in the seven education districts of Mashhad. The research is of mixed type and the research strategy in the qualitative part is content analysis and in the quantitative part, it is a survey. The statistical sample in the qualitative stage was 16 university experts who were selected as the sample size using the saturation principle and the purposeful and judgmental sampling method. In the quantitative part, there were 1327 principals of all girls' and boys' schools in the seven education districts of Mashhad. The data collection method was in-depth and semi-structured interviews in the qualitative part and questionnaires in the quantitative part. Data analysis was performed using Max Quda software in the qualitative part and SPSS software and structural equations using AMOS in the quantitative part. The findings in the sustainable human resource management model with the approach of promoting meritocracy include 5 dimensions and 24 components, which include competency-based recruitment, improvement based on the development of sustainable human resources competency, human resource retention with a competency approach, sustainable and competency-based human resource performance evaluation, and a performance-based payment system. In the quantitative part, the results showed that the aforementioned model has the necessary validity. According to the results of the research, managers of the seven education districts of Mashhad can promote meritocracy in the organization through the development and strengthening of sustainable human resource management.

Abstract The present study aims to review the undergraduate accounting curriculum with an approach to adapting to the needs of the labor market. The method of this study is applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the study includes 16 university experts with a doctoral degree and professionals working in the accounting profession who were selected by purposive sampling using the snowball technique. The data collection method was conducted by interview and questionnaire. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was used to analyze the findings and MICMAC software was used for ranking. Based on interpretive structural analysis, the exploratory model of the study has 13 factors. Accounting adapted to the needs of the labor market with strong theoretical knowledge factors, professional abilities, practical applied skills, and professional ethics, which are at the first level of the model, are the most effective and dependent factors of the model. At the second level, the variable of cooperation with industry is placed with the factors of compulsory internship, cooperation with professional accountants and joint projects with industry, which affect higher-level factors and are affected by lower-level factors. At the third level, the variable of emphasis on soft skills is placed with the factors of communication skills, teamwork and critical thinking and problem solving, which affect higher-level factors and are affected by lower-level factors. At the last level (fourth level), revision of syllabus is placed with the factors of updating course content, increasing practical hours and adding new courses, which are the most effective and influential factors of the model.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to develop a managerial competency model considering the generational characteristics of upper secondary school students. The research was applied in purpose, mixed-methods in nature, and exploratory in design. In the qualitative phase, a grounded theory approach was employed, while the quantitative phase adopted a descriptive–correlational method. The qualitative population consisted of experts in educational sciences in Ardabil Province, from whom 20 participants were selected through theoretical purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. In the quantitative phase, the population included principals of boys’ and girls’ upper secondary schools and upper secondary school students in Ardabil Province. Using a census method, 100 principals were selected, and 100 students were chosen through non-probability convenience sampling. The findings indicated that the proposed managerial competency model, aligned with students’ generational characteristics, comprised several core dimensions: principals’ generational understanding and adaptability; technological and digital leadership; instructional and transformational leadership; participatory management and social communication; learning management and educational quality; innovation and creativity in schools; empowerment and professional development management; crisis management, health, and educational sustainability; human and emotional management; management of justice, diversity, and professional ethics; and strategic and future-oriented school management. The results of model validation demonstrated a satisfactory level of fit and statistical significance (p<0.05). Overall, the findings suggest that effective school leadership requires managerial competencies that are responsive to the generational needs of upper secondary school students. It is recommended that the proposed model be used as a practical and comprehensive framework to guide the development and evaluation of managerial competencies among upper secondary school principals.

Abstract The aim of the current research is the model of narcissism management of academic staff with thematic analysis approach. The research method is qualitative in terms of implementation, thematic analysis type. The statistical population of this research includes 15 university professors and managers and public administration experts. Sampling method in this research was purposefully selected as a sample. This sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The research collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis method and MAXQDA software. The results of the research showed that the data were systematically coded and in the first stage, 254 initial codes were extracted and classified in the form of 62 basic themes and 20 basic organizing themes. Finally, five overarching themes were identified as the main dimensions of the conceptual model of the research, which are: ethical guidance, managerial intervention, individual training, professionalism and ethical self-management. In general, managing the narcissistic behavior of academic staff in organizations requires simultaneous attention to ethical guidance, managerial intervention, individual training, professionalism and ethical self-management. These five dimensions provide a coherent framework for promoting ethical actions at individual and organizational levels.

Abstract The aim of the present study is to design a participatory leadership model in government departments of Kerman city. The research population includes 21 managers and experts in the field of participatory leadership, faculty members, managers and experts of government departments of Kerman city, who were selected based on purposive sampling and using the data saturation technique. The data collection tool is a semi-structured in-depth interview. Thematic analysis method was used to analyze the data. The findings of the thematic network analysis showed that 10 themes (organizing) and 26 basic themes and 86 primary codes are the components and categories of participatory leadership. The themes (organizing) were presented in the form of 10 dimensions, which are: "Organizing trust, organizational justice, organizational innovation and creativity, improving commitment and job satisfaction, promoting individual and organizational performance, responsible behavior with employees, emotional and psychological support, positive feedback and individual growth, strengthening group synergy, and administrative transparency." The theory of collaborative leadership focuses on the experiences and characteristics of leaders in creating and developing their capabilities, and pays special attention to social justice and the inclusiveness of the personality of female leaders in the organization, and through it, the basic knowledge of leadership in the organization can be developed.

Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate the modeling of the effect of self-leadership and strategic thinking on organizational setup with the mediating role of adaptability and individual-organization fit. The method is applied in terms of its purpose, quantitative in terms of its implementation method, and causal in terms of its research-survey nature. The statistical population of the study includes 216 employees of the General Directorate of Sports and Youth Organization, of which 139 were calculated as a statistical sample of Cochrane performance and selected randomly by stratified sampling. To collect data, standard questionnaires of self-leadership (Neck and Houghton, 2006), strategic thinking (Lydka, 1998), organizational fit (Elzabek, 1994), adaptability (Denison, 1996), and individual-organization fit (Scroggins), 20. Structural solutions model and partial least squares methods (PLS3) were used to analyze the data. The result showed that self-leadership, with the mediating role of adaptability and individual-organization fit, has a significant effect on organizational initiation. Also, strategic thinking, with the mediating role of adaptability and individual-organization fit, has a significant effect on organizational legitimacy. As a result of the research results, it can be concluded that investing in the development of self-leadership skills and improving the power of strategic thinking can provide the basis for improving adaptability and improving the level of individual fit with the organization, and in this way, significantly increasing legitimacy among employees and stakeholders. This can lead to strengthening internal cohesion, increasing organizational trust, and improving the status of the organization both internally and externally.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of human resource flexibility on organizational innovation with the mediating role of job turnover among employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The present study is of applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of nature. The statistical population of this study includes employees of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 1401-1402 with a statistical population size of 1300 people, of which 207 people were selected as a statistical sample using the Morgan table and stratified random sampling method. To collect research data, a questionnaire on flexibility, organizational innovation, and job turnover was used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and PLS 2016 statistical software. The results showed that human resource flexibility has a direct effect on organizational innovation of university employees. Human resource flexibility has a direct effect on job turnover. Job turnover has a direct effect on organizational innovation. Human resource flexibility has an indirect effect on organizational innovation with the mediating role of job turnover of university employees.

Abstract The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a training model for Maskan Bank personnel with the learning organization approach. This research was done for the purpose of application-development and with a qualitative approach of inductive content analysis. The participants of the research were 16 academic and executive experts (managers and deputy heads of the subject-matter expert Maskan Bank) as key informants who were selected using the purposeful sampling method and the snowball method, taking into account the theoretical saturation discussion. The method of data collection included semi-structured interviews with the participants and the study of documents. were used To analyze the data, the three-stage coding of Attride-Stirling (2001) and the method of theme analysis and theme network analysis used MaxQDA software. After analyzing the data, the network of topics for staff training of Maskan Bank was formulated with the approach of learning organization with 36 concepts (basic topics), 9 organizing topics and 2 comprehensive topics. The findings of the research showed that the characteristics of the learning organization include personal capabilities and abilities, systemic thinking, common vision, mental models and team learning, and the process of training employees including needs assessment and setting goals, educational planning. , implementation of training and evaluation. In general, it can be said that paying attention to the learning organization in the training of employees in the form of a comprehensive and comprehensive model designed in the present research has a good implementation capability in the Maskan Bank, and with its implementation, we can witness the improvement of the quality of personnel training and gain a competitive advantage.

Abstract The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of group reality therapy and positive attitude training on academic procrastination of female high school students with academic burnout in Ardabil city. The present research method is experimental (pre-test-post-test design with control group). The statistical population of this study includes 400 female high school students in Ardabil city in the academic year 2024-2025. The academic burnout questionnaire was randomly distributed among them, and among the students who scored high in this questionnaire and had academic burnout, 90 people were randomly assigned to three groups (30 people in the first experimental group, 30 people in the second experimental group, and 30 people in the control group). The research tool is the Solomon and Roth Bloom Procrastination Questionnaire. The first group received group reality therapy using Glasser's (1999) training for 7 sessions, and the second group received positive attitude training (Quilliam, 2003) for 8 sessions, and then the third group, the control group, did not receive any intervention. In the following stages, all three groups answered the research questionnaires again, and then the data were collected and analyzed using SPSS statistical software. The results showed that group reality therapy and positive attitude training reduced academic procrastination in female students, and group reality therapy reduced academic procrastination more than positive attitude training.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the meta-analysis of key indicators affecting the establishment of the civil participation system in the Iranian Martyrs' Foundation. The present study is quantitative in terms of purpose, application, and implementation method with an inductive approach and a philosophy of evidence-based philosophy. The population studied in this study consists of articles published in scientific research journals in the field of establishing the civil participation system of knowledge sharing from 2009 to 2013, which were conducted within the country. Sampling was carried out based on the criteria required to enter the meta-analysis process, and 22 items were selected accordingly. The meta-analysis method and CMA software were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study show that the aforementioned variables act as key indicators of the civil participation system and have a mutual effect on each other. Strengthening these factors can lead to improving the quality of civil participation and creating a democratic and sustainable society. In this regard, paying attention to these variables in social and economic policymaking and planning is of particular importance.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to design a school integration model for secondary school students: a qualitative study based on the Delphi technique. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its implementation method. The statistical population of the research includes 20 experts who have characteristics such as having managerial experience in secondary schools, having a university degree in the field of educational planning, teaching experience in universities and secondary schools, and published articles or books in the relevant field. The sample size was determined by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. The Delphi method was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the components of school integration for junior high school students are: 7 components: 1) teaching style (12 indicators), 2) motivation (11 indicators), 3) self-efficacy (4 indicators), 4) responsibility (4 indicators), 5) parental involvement (2 indicators), 6) communication (social) skills (6 indicators), 7) school atmosphere (15 indicators).

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of educational management on students' academic success, teachers' job satisfaction, school efficiency, and parental interaction in schools in the Kianparsh region of Ahvaz city. The present study is applied in terms of its purpose and is a correlational research. Its statistical population includes students, teachers, and parents of secondary schools, of whom 320 people were selected as samples using stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was structured questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale, and their reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient between 0.85 and 0.9. SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The research findings showed that educational management has a positive and significant correlation with students' academic success (r = 0.65), teachers' job satisfaction (r = 0.6), school efficiency (r = 0.7), and parental interaction (r = 0.55) (Sig < 0.01). Multivariate regression also showed that educational management is able to explain 42% of the variance in academic achievement, 36% of the variance in job satisfaction, 49% of the variance in school efficiency, and 30% of the variance in parental engagement, respectively. Also, the ANOVA test confirmed that there is a significant difference between different levels of educational management and dependent variables (Sig < 0.001). These results indicate that educational management plays a key role in improving academic performance, job satisfaction, school efficiency, and parental involvement. Therefore, it is suggested that educational administrators and policymakers create an optimal learning environment for students by implementing targeted management programs, improving teachers' professional skills, and encouraging parental involvement.