The aim of this research is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and scientific creativity with the mediating role of intellectual capital among students of literature. This study employed a descriptive–correlational approach and used structural equation modeling. The statistical population consisted of 130 literature students, from whom a purposeful sample was selected and analyzed. Standard questionnaires for knowledge management, intellectual capital, and scientific creativity were used to measure the research variables. The results showed that knowledge management has a significant positive effect on scientific creativity, and intellectual capital also has a remarkable effect on scientific creativity. Findings further indicated that knowledge management has a considerable impact on intellectual capital, and intellectual capital serves as a strong and significant mediator in the relationship between knowledge management and scientific creativity. Accordingly, an important part of the effect of knowledge management on scientific creativity is transmitted through the enhancement of human, structural, and relational capital. These results suggest that improving the mechanisms for creating, sharing, and using knowledge in the academic environment, along with strengthening intellectual capital, can foster increased scientific creativity among literature students. The study’s findings are consistent with previous domestic and international research and highlight the importance of knowledge management and intellectual capital in the development of scientific creativity.