The purpose of this research is to prioritize the antecedent factors influencing the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in human resource development. In terms of objective, the study is developmental; in terms of nature, it is descriptive; and regarding the data type, it is quantitative. The research population consists of 11 experts in human resource management, information technology, AI, and organizational management, selected through purposive sampling, with data collection continuing until theoretical saturation was reached. Data were gathered using a researcher-made Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, developed based on a literature review and expert interviews. The Fuzzy Delphi method was employed for data analysis and was implemented in three rounds to identify, screen, and prioritize the antecedents. The identified antecedent factors include technical and infrastructural factors, human and organizational readiness, managerial and procedural dimensions, environmental conditions, and ethical and legal considerations. The findings revealed that “technological infrastructure and system integration” achieved the highest priority among the antecedents with a defuzzified value of 4.965, followed by “human and organizational readiness” (4.965) and “process organization and procedural factors” (4.114). Technological awareness, organizational culture, and data mining capability were also identified as influential antecedent dimensions. In contrast, “external conditions and environmental factors” received the lowest priority with a defuzzified value of 3.280.