management
zahra roozbeh; shiva madaheyan; amin nikpour
Abstract
The present study presented a model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The method of this study is applied and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in terms of data collection and analysis. Twelve experts were ...
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The present study presented a model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The method of this study is applied and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in terms of data collection and analysis. Twelve experts were first interviewed after examining the theoretical foundations and previous studies. Then, data were analyzed, and categories, related concepts, and semantic codes were extracted to answer the research questions by MAXQDA (2020) software. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. "Balanced and integrated management," "service provision," and "financial resources" were identified as causal factors. "Legal environment," "political environment," "cultural and social environment," and "technology" were identified as contextual factors. "Government policies" and "change management" were identified as intervening factors. "Green governance affairs," "contractual affairs," and "participatory affairs" were identified as strategies. "Creating alignment between goals, policies, and structure and culture in the health sector," "improving administrative and environmental health," "and dynamism and adapting to changes and developments in the health system" were identified as outcomes.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Significant development caused by the industrial revolution that began in the mid- 1700s led to gradual changes in industries, economic growth, higher standards of living, the availability of world-class products, amenities, etc. However, the environmental aspect was neglected, resulting in much environmental damage (Ferran Vila, Yanez & Miotto, 2022). In recent decades, human beings have well understood the danger of neglecting the environment since all kinds of environmental pollution have endangered the whole earth as a human habitat. Thus, efforts were made to protect the environment and modify development methods. Hence, environmental concerns and sustainable development are among the global community's most significant topics (Seyd Alavi, Mohammad, Ghalavandi, Abbaspour & Mohamadkhni, 2020). Several quantitative and qualitative factors affect sustainable development. However, many thinkers of economics and other sciences argue that governance has a relatively higher rank in affecting sustainable development (Zahiri, Zayanderoody & Jalaie, 2021). Accordingly, green governance as a new and sustainability-based governance model creates new challenges for the traditional human-centered development ideology (Li et al., 2018) and emphasizes the balance between economic growth and sustainable development (Lin, Gui, Xie, & Liu, 2019). Green governance includes the combination of the principles of environmental sustainability and social justice in the decision-making processes of the government and other institutions (Dryzek, 2013). Green governance is also considered a driving force for the restructuring of economic development and the realization of a green technological revolution to realize and achieve sustainable development goals (Xu & Zhu, 2022). Also, health domain and the health system are among the most significant service sectors and indicators of social development and welfare (Seddighi, Nosrati Nejad & Basakha, 2020). Applying the green governance model in the health system can minimize the environmental damage caused by providing services. Despite the role and significance of this strategy, few efforts have been made to apply it, especially in Iran's health system. Thus, the present study fills the existing research gap. It can help the health system use the green governance strategy to achieve its sustainable development goals. Therefore, in this study, the researcher seeks to answer the question of the model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in Iran's health system.
Literature review
Peyghan, Yaghobi, and Keikha (2022) conducted a study entitled "Measuring and validating the model of good governance with a sustainable development approach (a study in Sistan and Baluchistan)." The results revealed that in the proposed model, the index of comment and final responsibility, quality of laws, corruption control, the rule of law, and transparency are ranked first to fifth, respectively (Peyghan, Yaghobi & Keikha, 2020). Rezaei Lori, Selajeghe, and Maddahiyan (2022) conducted research entitled "Designing a good governance model for the systematic exploitation of Mines with a sustainable development approach (The case study of Golgohar Sirjan Industrial and Mineral Complex). The results revealed that comprehensive responsibility, a causal condition that includes intergenerational, environmental, and social obligations, causes the formation of good governance with future-oriented, health-oriented, and people-oriented characteristics. Along with the developmental space, creating opportunity and development-oriented strategies leads to sustainable social, economic, and environmental development (Rezaei Lori, Salajeghe & Maddahiyan, 2022). Xu and Zhu (2022) investigated the effects of green governance and green financial policies on sustainable development in various regions of China from 2008 to 2018. The results revealed that China's green governance index and green financial policies significantly reduced environmental pollution during the study period (Xu & Zhu, 2022). Shah, Lai, et al. (2021) conducted a study entitled "Development of a green governance framework to improve the performance of an oil and gas company." The results revealed that the proposed green governance framework reduced social costs and environmental risks and effectively improved the performance of the oil and gas industry (Shah, Lai, et al., 2021).
Methods
This study is an applied type and analytical in terms of aim, qualitative in terms of process, and grounded theory in data collection and analysis method. A purposeful sampling method was used. Its data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The researcher achieved theoretical saturation after interviewing 12 experts. Also, data analysis and extraction of categories, related concepts, and semantic codes to answer the research questions in this study were done by MAXQDA software.
Results
This section answers the questions of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system (case study: Kerman University of Medical Sciences). The questions of this study were as follows: What are the causal conditions of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the contextual conditions for providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the intervening conditions for providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What are the strategies for presenting the model of green governance with a sustainable development approach in the health system? What is the outcome or implication of providing a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system?
The results revealed that the three components of "balanced and integrated management," "service provision," and "financial resources" were identified as causal factors. "Legal environment," "political environment," "cultural and social environment," and "technology" were identified as contextual factors. "Government policies" and "Transformation and change management" were identified as intervening factors. "Green governance affairs," "contractual affairs," and "participatory affairs" were identified as strategies. "Creating alignment between goals, policies, and structure and culture in the health sector," "improving administrative and environmental health," and "dynamism and adapting to changes and developments in the health system" were identified as outcomes.
Discussion and Conclusion
The present study provided a green governance model with a sustainable development approach in the health system. The results revealed that the causal factors are balanced and integrated management, providing services, and financial resources. The legal environment, political environment, cultural and social environment, and technology were found as the contextual factors. Intervening factors also included government policies and change management. The strategies were also green governance, contractual, and partnership affairs. Finally, creating alignment between goals, policies, structure, and culture in the health sector, promoting administrative and environmental health, dynamism, and adapting to changes and developments in the health system were found as outcomes.
Based on the results, it is recommended to consider the development of effective leadership as a priority of the health system's programs and policies. Organizational independence should be promoted in different parts of the health system. Also, practical performance evaluation should be performed annually, and balanced growth and development should occur in economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Moreover, policy-making and decisions should be made based on evidence with the development of feedback mechanisms in the sector.
Collective decision-making and orientation among health stakeholders should be done to develop policies and crisis management requirements in the health sector, a fair payment system along with moving toward self-sufficiency should be applied in the health system for development and motivation of human resources in the health sector, development and use of prevention and safety approaches in the health sector should be considered by improving the fficiency and quality of the services provided. Also, financing, accumulation, and capital management in the health sector should be done by using the basics of financing and focusing on the health system's priorities. The management of creating infrastructure and production of financial resources and budgeting strategy in the health system should be done by promoting the rule of law in the health sector.
It is also recommended to create a guarantee for tools for implementing policies in the health sector by identifying and defining the roles of government, private, and civil society actors, demands and expectations of people. The use of electronic government, the use of green technologies and methods, the development of privatization, and the use of the power and capacity of the private sector should be considered in this regard. It is also recommended to observe the environmental issues and the development of knowledge resources with the optimal management of financial and environmental resources to promote administrative health and value-oriented and ethical orientation. It is also recommended to pave the way for reaching a consensus among the actors of the health system and formalizing the relations between the beneficiaries of the health system by strengthening social capital and effective communication between the beneficiaries of the health system to improve health promotion and save more energy and optimize waste management, and coordination of land and environment and protect citizens against financial, social, and environmental risks.
Reza Besharati
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the job motivation of employees of the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar branch based on Herzberg's theory of health -motivational factors. In this descriptive and analytical research, 90 people out of 100 official and ...
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The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the job motivation of employees of the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar branch based on Herzberg's theory of health -motivational factors. In this descriptive and analytical research, 90 people out of 100 official and contract employees of Islamic Azad University, Kashmar branch participated in the academic year 2018-2019. In order to investigate the factors affecting the job motivation of employees, a researcher-made questionnaire based on Herzberg's theory was used, and after confirming its validity and reliability, the research data was obtained using spss-21 software in the form of frequency distribution and Pearson variance and correlation analysis. The results of the research showed that the most important factors affecting employees' job motivation were "job security and stability" and "level of salary" in the field of health factors, and "nature of work" and "growth and progress" in the field of motivational factors, and the effect of health factors in creating career motivation is more than motivational factors.Extended AbstractIntroductionThe perception, attitude and needs of people to work in every organization are different from each other. Therefore, the management of the organization must have a real, correct and logical understanding of the people of the organization in order to be able to use them to achieve the goals and objectives of the organization by creating appropriate motivation (Asefzadeh, 2018), as far as the human force does not have acceptable job motivation. Other activities of the organization will not have the necessary results and outcomes, providing the necessary motivation to do the work and paying attention to the motivational forces of employees is one of the most important and at the same time the most complicated tasks of organizations (Muslimi et al, 2017).Providing career motivation in organizations has various benefits such as innovation, gaining customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, etc. (Atefi, 2017), it is important to know what factors affect the motivation, commitment and retention of employees in the organization (Suttikun et al. al, 2018), therefore, every organization should adopt the necessary policies and guidelines to improve employee motivation (Atefi, 2017). Lack of job motivation of employees, irresponsibility and lack of effective work is one of the most obvious work situations in Iran (Taleghani, Davoodi, 2017).According to the mentioned materials, the main problem of the research is: what are the effective factors on the job motivation of the employees of the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar branch based on Herzberg's theory of health-motivational factors?Theoretical FrameworkDifferent theories and methods have been presented to motivate employees. One of the important theories in this field, which also forms the structure of the current research, is Herzberg's motivational theory. The factors creating job-satisfaction were called motivational factors, and the factors whose supply do not necessarily lead to satisfaction, were called health factors by Herzberg. These two categories of factors are known as Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation (Lutans, 2021). Health factors are mainly related to the "job environment and context, not the job itself". These factors include: salary and other types of employee benefits, administrative policies and regulations governing the working environment, personal relationships with partners, supervisors and subordinates, job guarantee, working environment conditions, supervision and monitoring. Motivational factors are related to the essence and nature of the job (work content) and have a positive effect on morale, efficiency, and productivity. According to Herzberg, motivational factors are: recognition and appreciation, nature of work, career success, responsibility, growth and development (Iran Nejad, 2022).Ganjali (2020) in a research in the field of designing a motivational model for non-academic employees of Imam Sadiq University (a.s.) concluded that the priorities of university managers to motivate employees in order of priority are: paying bonuses to employees based on merit, development Professionalism of employees and job guarantee, employee-favored behavior of officials and development of personal characteristics of officials.The research of Mehrabian et al, (2020) at Gilan University of Medical Sciences showed that the level of motivation and satisfaction of employees in all investigated areas including management, supervision, communication, physical conditions of the workplace, psychological conditions and job guarantee, promotion opportunities And personal growth and salaries and benefits is at the average level, and only in the area of satisfaction with the work environment, has been at the optimal level.MethodologyThe current research is applicable in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method, which was conducted in order to investigate the factors affecting the job motivation of employees of the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar Branch based on Herzberg's theory. The statistical population in this research included all the employees who were employed by the university in official and contractual ways in the academic year 2018-2019, so the total sample size was 100 people, which made up all the members of the research community, and after the distribution of questionnaires 90 people completed them. In order to collect data related to research variables, a researcher's questionnaire was used, which includes three parts; 4 questions related to individual characteristics in the first part; 44 question to examine the opinions of employees regarding the factors affecting their job motivation in the second part; and at the end of the questionnaire, three open-ended questions are asked, two of which question the factors affecting the highest and lowest levels of job satisfaction, and the last question has been asked from research units.Discussion and ResultsIn order to investigate the research hypothesis and data analysis, SPSS 21 software was used and the results showed that in examining the relationship between the factors affecting job motivation and individual characteristics of employees, the results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there was a positive and significant correlation (586/ r=0) between age and health factors (P-value=0.001) and also between age (r=0.857) and motivational factors (P-value=0.001). The results of the analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the two sexes in terms of health (P-value=0.001) and motivational factors (P-value=0.007), which means that in men, the score of health and motivational factors is more than that in women. There is a significant difference in terms of health factors (P-value = 0.003) and content (P-value = 0.001), that is, the score of health and motivational factors in people with education higher than diploma is higher than the score of health and motivation factors for people with diploma education and lower. There is a significant difference between the type of employment in terms of motivational factors (P-value = 0.001), in official employees, the score of motivational factors is higher than that of contract workers (P-value = 0.001).ConclusionThis research was conducted with the aim of investigating the factors affecting the job motivation of employees of the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar branch based on Herzberg's theory of health-motivational factors. The results of the research showed that the most important factors affecting the job motivation of employees in the field of health factors were "job security and stability" and "rate of salary" and in the field of motivational factors "nature of work" and "growth and development", and the effect of health factors in creating job motivation is more than that of motivational factors. The results of this research are in agreement with the findings of Ganjali (2020), Ghanbari et al, (2014), Pourmiri et al, (2011), Sotoudeh (2013), Dadashzadeh et al, (2013), Shigli et al, (2011). The results of examining the relationship between the factors affecting job motivation and the individual characteristics of employees showed that the scores of contextual and motivational factors in men were higher than in women, and in employees with higher than diploma education, it was higher than in employees with less than diploma education. Also, the score of motivational factors in official employees was higher than that in contract people. These findings are contrary to the results of the study of Asgarian (2012), which did not observe any significant difference between the motivational and health factors with the level of education, background and employment status in the statistical population, (Azizi, 2015). Pourmiri et al, (2011) have also reported in their studies that there is a significant difference between the job motivations of employees according to the type of employment; in expressing these differences, it can be said that the motivational factors of the work environment can be different in organizations and time for different reasons.According to the findings of this study, it is suggested to increase the financial payments to the employees according to the needs of life, performance and education; and to formulate the necessary rules by the central organization of the university in order to ensure that the employees are covered by the labor law and have sufficient support in the legal authorities, and have job security. Employees should be dealt with based on their merits, records and performance, and political and ethnic relations should not play a role in promoting or demoting their administrative ranks, and people should benefit from sufficient opportunities for career and academic advancement.
forouzan sharifi; haideh ashouri
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of identity and academic well-being and their role in reducing academic procrastination of students. The research method was descriptive-correlative in nature, and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was made ...
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of identity and academic well-being and their role in reducing academic procrastination of students. The research method was descriptive-correlative in nature, and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was made up of 6225 secondary school students of Ramsar city. The sample size of the research was 188 people, which was obtained by random cluster sampling. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaires of academic identity by Vaz and Isaacson (2008), academic well-being by Pieternin et al. (2014) and academic procrastination by Sulmon and Rothblum (1989) were used. Their validity was confirmed by academic experts and their reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. In order to analyze the data, the structural equation technique was used, accompanied by Lisrel statistical software and Spss statistical software. The research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic identity and academic well-being. There is a negative and significant relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination. There is a negative and significant relationship between academic well-being and academic procrastination. The results of the research indicate that academic well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination of students. On the other hand, the component of successful identity has had the greatest impact on academic well-being and academic procrastination of students.Extended AbstractIntroductionResearchers pointed that when people consider their duties unpleasant, attempt procrastination. Since academic procrastination includes postponing a lesson until the night before test, which ultimately leads to the academic failure, it is probable to be in relation with the other inabilities in learning in students (Moradi et al, 2016). Academic well-being is one of important and effective variables in academic performance. It is derived from the theoretical basis of positive-view psychology, and those who behave depressively and have negative emotions such as anger, distress, and grief more than others are subject to the academic failure and leaving the school(jahani et al, 2018).Findlow (2012) considers the academic identity as the most important factor in academic performance and motivation to advance. Academic identity can be considered as an effective individual factor in occurrence of academic procrastination (Samimi et al, 2017). Academic identity is the process of everybody's sensible respond to his/her academic situation; whether he/she should study or not? Which way he/she should take, and thus search for his/her academic identity. If such an identity in a person, there will be some sense for movement and success in different aspects of education (Tran et al, 2017).According to the mentioned materials, the main discussion of this research is that if there is any relationship between the academic identity and academic procrastination of the students along with emphasize on the moderating role of academic well-being of the high school students in Ramsar city.Theoretical FrameworkAcademic procrastination is one of the behavioral problems that has a very high prevalence and is one of the variables related to the academic status of students. Procrastination is described as a lack of self-regulation and the tendency to delay what is necessary to achieve a goal. One of the manifestations of procrastination is the emergence of the characteristic or attribute of procrastination in school environments, which is called academic procrastination (Ghadampour et al. et al., 2020).Academic identity is a reflection of the types of competences, autonomy, purposefulness, efficacy beliefs, and the experience of common emotions that teenagers have in classrooms with their peers and teachers, and its characteristic is how to act in academic fields (Frick & Brodin, 2020).The academic well-being of students depends on their overall satisfaction with the level of fulfillment of their expectations (Davoodi Beilandi, 2017). Degarmo & Martinez (2006) consider academic well-being to have components such as the ability to do school assignments, satisfaction with education, and academic enthusiasm (Hietajärvi et al, 2019).(Rashvandi & Ashouri, 2022) investigated the relationship between information literacy and teaching quality of teachers with academic well-being with the moderating role of students' study strategies. The research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between teachers' information literacy and students' academic well-being. There is a positive and significant relationship between the quality of teachers' teaching and students' academic well-being. There is a positive and significant relationship between teachers' information literacy and students' academic well-being with the moderating role of study strategies.Shalian (2021) in a research investigated the relationship between teachers' communication skills and students' academic well-being, emphasizing the mediating role of academic adjustment in first secondary girls' schools of Kashmer city. The results of the research indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between teachers' communication skills and students' academic adjustment and academic well-being. There is a positive and significant relationship between students' academic adjustment and their academic well-being.MethodologyThe research method is descriptive-correlative in nature and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research included secondary school students of Ramsar city in the academic year of 2001-2014, with the number of 6225 people. In order to determine the size of the statistical sample, due to the large size of the statistical population, two schools were randomly selected and one class was selected from each school, which includes seventh to twelfth grade classes. A total of 12 classrooms were selected with a total of 188 students. To collect data related to the academic identity variable the questionnaire of Vaz & Izakson, (2009) with 40 questions; for academic well-being variable the questionnaire of Piternin et al, (2014) with 11 questions; and for academic procrastination variable the questionnaire of Solmon & Rasblom, (1989) with 15 questions were used; based on a 5-point Likert scale (completely agree to completely disagree). Discussion and ResultsSPSS and LISREL software were used to investigate the research hypothesis and analyze the data, and the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic identity and academic well-being, and there is a negative and significant relationship between academic well-being and academic procrastination, and There is a negative and significant relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination, and academic well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination.ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of identity and academic well-being and their role in reducing academic procrastination of students. There is a positive and significant relationship between academic identity and academic well-being. Students are trying to get the best grades for studying and their planned goals. They are not worried about their lessons because they study it at home after every class teaching and they are trying to do their best in the classroom (Dugas et al, 2020). There is a negative and significant relationship between academic well-being and academic procrastination. In the explanation of this finding, it can be said that students who only dream about getting their grades procrastinate and refuse to do their homework. There is a negative and significant relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination. We can point to two factors, one is the difference in the tools used and the other is the role of the goals of the country's education system and public culture in the field of paying attention to emotions and feelings (Flecknoe et al, 2017). Academic well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination. Students who do not have a correct and stable academic identity do not have the necessary concentration when doing school assignments, and are always nervous and hot-tempered. They will quickly become nervous and upset when dealing with problems and lose the power of thinking. These findings are consistent with the results of Was et al, (2018), Ozer & Akgun, (2018), Komarraju & Dial, (2019), Rashvandi & Ashouri, (2022), (Rahimi & Farhadi, 2017), and (Luzón, 2018).According to the present research, it is suggested that the trainings appropriate to the conditions of the development of processes or new services for students should be taken into consideration, it also suggested the use of advanced and modern structures such as team structures in different parts of the school for the participation of teachers and administrators together to help each other during the time when people have problems in doing their organizational work. At the same time, the trustees of education, especially teachers and school counselors, should try to create a happy and positive environment in the school so that students experience more intimacy and by holding educational workshops based on positive psychology, they can institutionalize the concepts of academic well-being.
management
Mokhtar Heydari; gholamali tabarsa; nader sheykh-aleslami kandolosi
Abstract
The purpose of the research is to design a model of resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative-quantitative. This research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population ...
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The purpose of the research is to design a model of resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province. The research method is qualitative-quantitative. This research is developmental-applicative in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the research includes government managers who have at least 10 years of experience. In order to sample; purposeful sampling method in the qualitative part was used, and in the quantitative part based on the number of extracted components, the number of samples was determined to be 396 people and the cluster method was used for sampling. In order to analyze the data, the coding method was used in the qualitative part and the structural equation model method was used in the quantitative part by PLS software. The results indicate that the causal factors include; individual, group and organizational factors. Also, the environmental platform includes; the role of the government, political and economic factors, and electronic platforms. The consequences also indicate the continuity and progress of the organization. The results of the structural equations also showed that the resilience model has a favorable fit in government organizations.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Organizational resilience is a subcategory of positive organization and today, despite the attention to the term resilience and its vastly uses in various fields, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding of this concept in its evaluation and measurement in relation to organizational resilience (Rafiyan et al, 2011). Resilience has been studied in many different fields, including management, security, ecology, psychology, disaster management, organization management, engineering, etc., but there is no definition acceptable in any field (Bergström et al., 2015). Resilience in the organizational field is not an exception to this rule. Researchers such as Alblas & Jayaram (2015), Alblas & Jayaram (2015), Chand & Loosemore (2016), and Hu et al, (2018) have considered organizational resilience as the ability to deal with changes, internal and external risks and impulses, and some such as Linnenluecke & Griffiths (2010), Alexiou (2014), and Ortiz & Bansal (2015) have defined resilience as a capacity to deal with changes, risk and impulses, and some others have considered it as an essential asset for the organization when it faces a risk (Ruiz-Martin et al, 2018). Rai et al, (2021) have considered organizational resilience as a way to deal with successive environmental crises. Organizations try to prepare themselves for all kinds of crises in advance and without fear by planning and making necessary preparations against all kinds of crises.
Resilience means developing new competencies and broad capabilities to sustain momentum by creating new opportunities. Also, in this definition, resilience is considered as success due to the ability to invest in challenges and unexpected changes. According to another definition, resilience is the ability of a person or organization to quickly design and implement positive adaptive movements coordinated with an emergency situation, in such a way as to bear little pressure. Others define it as an essential asset for the organization when it faces a risk (Ruiz-Martin et al, 2018). Therefore, the concept of organizational resilience includes resistance, compromise and adaptation as the main assets and refers to shock absorption, reorganization and learning, etc. as the main capacities. Resilient organizations are also organizations that are able to deal with unforeseen shocks such as financial crises and globalization of competition, etc., and in some cases, it makes the organization prosper. In fact, resilience can be considered a necessity in recent centuries. Today's societies are increasingly facing emergency and crisis situations that challenge social and economic stability, and they rely on the services and employment provided by organizations to achieve resilience, because organizational resilience and societies' resilience are two sides of the same coin, and this means that if organizations are not ready to respond to emergencies and crises, then societies will not be ready either (Stephenson, 2010). Resilient organizations are organizations that can overcome crises with low costs due to their preparation and planning and high flexibility. All organizations should consider resilience against threats and environmental changes as one of their important and strategic goals and consider achieving this important goal. Therefore, the present research, with regard to the earthquake that happened in some cities of Kermanshah province in 2016 and caused a lot of money and lives (about 2,000 dead and 10,000 injured), seeks to, by designing a model of resilience in the government organizations of this province, help to increase their strength and readiness, which will reduce the amount of damages to the lowest possible level in the repetition of such events. The main question of the current research is: what are the characteristics of the model of resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province?
Theoretical framework
The word resilience was presented for the first time by Holling in 1973 in a study titled resilience and stability of ecological systems. Then this term has been used for various other forms of resilience such as individual, organizational, supply chain, etc. If we consider people as a part of societies, resilience depends on societies and is not limited to social relations and social structure. One way to create resilience is to support people to create favorable social relations through technical resilience interventions. These interventions can include the development of services, the use of resources in communities, and the creation of new social and operational values for them. The origins and meaning of resilience as a scientific concept is ambiguous (Friend & Moench, 2013). The concept of resilience is used everywhere in both physical and social sciences. However, it has different meanings at different times. In recent years, resilience has become more common in both scientific and political discourses (Meerow & Newell, 2015). In fact, there are many meanings and concepts for resilience, there are wide definitions and interpretations of resilience, many of which are taken from the academic community of ecological systems. Originally, resilience is related to hazard studies, materials science and environmental studies, and also is a concept that has been used freely and enthusiastically by a wide range of policy makers, practitioners and academic researchers in the last decade. Although the actual meaning associated with this term varies accordingly, there are actually a large number of conceptual frameworks for resilience that are increasing day by day, reflecting its complex and multidimensional nature (Breetzke & Pearson, 2017).
In relation to organizational resilience, it can be acknowledged that this category is a subcategory of positive organization, but today, even with attention to the term resilience and its many uses in various fields, especially in relation to organizational resilience, there is a limited theoretical and practical understanding of this concept in its evaluation, measurement or creation (Rafiyan, 2011). In general, two views have been mentioned in relation to organizational resilience, one of which defines resilience as the ability to return to the normal situation in the face of adversity, conflict, failure or positive events, and the other includes the development of new capabilities and the ability to expand simultaneously or even create new opportunities. Vogest also acknowledges that a resilient organization is considered to be able to maintain positive settings under challenging conditions (Hillmann & Guenther, 2021). Therefore, resilience is a necessity to respond to threats and also to adapt positively in the face of challenging conditions, accept opportunities, and provide sustainable performance (Duchek, 2020).
Methodology
The current research is developmental-applicative in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection according to the nature of the research. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, in-depth semi-structured interviews were used, which were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling. The statistical population of the research included managers who are in government organizations of Kermanshah province and had at least 10 years of experience. The statistical population of quantitative section is a small part of the employees of the government organizations of Kermanshah province, whose number is 5641 people. Sampling in the quantitative section is 5 to 15 times the number of observed or apparent components (Homan, 2017). Considering that 33 primary components have been extracted, at least 190 questionnaires should have been distributed. The sampling method in this research was cluster. As a result, 400 questionnaires were distributed, of which 396 were usable.
Discussion and Results
The researcher analyzes the data in depth and presents them in the form of Strauss & Corbin theory (2008), and the main purpose of the research is to understand the situation. In this research process, after determining the core category, other categories are drawn in the form of a paradigmatic pattern around the core category. By using selective coding, the relationship between the categories has been identified and the conceptual model has been presented in an integrated manner. After making sure that there is a reasonable correlation and relationship between the observations and the related local variables, it is time for another important analysis, through which the statistical hypotheses of the current research will be investigated. In this part, the overview of the research model was examined first, and then each hypothesis was investigated separately.
As it is clear in the previous figures, the value of t among the causal conditions, the central phenomenon, the consequences and the environmental background is higher than 1.96, which indicates the significance of the relationships between them. This shows that the model extracted in government organizations of Kermanshah is a suitable model. Also, the coefficients between the mentioned factors are all positive. Therefore, it is positive and direct between them. Also, in Table 13, the estimated coefficients and explained variance of the research variables are reported.
Conclusion
The purpose of this research is to study resilience in government organizations of Kermanshah province. Therefore, while examining the concept of resilience; antecedents, environmental background and consequences of organizational resilience have been identified and a model of resilience has been presented in government organizations of Kermanshah province. After designing the research model, a number of interviewees were asked to express their opinions regarding the presented model so that required corrections can be made if necessary. The findings of the research were evaluated and reviewed by five university professors and three PhD. students, and necessary corrections were made while receiving opinions. In the following, explanations are given about each of the factors of the model. Based on the research model, "organizational resilience" as a central category based on the causal conditions of "individual, group and organizational factors" and taking into account the role of the government, economic and political factors and electronic platforms as a pattern is realized and leads to the creation of continuity in the organization and the progress of the organization. The research findings are in line with the results of Ruiz-Martin et al, (2018) and Lengnick-Hall et al, (2011).
Mitra Moubed; Reza Rafi
Abstract
In this research, a model is presented to measure the importance and performance of different dimensions of agility in the university. To analyze the results, in addition to the calculations related to importance and performance, the importance-performance matrix (IPA) is used, which can show the location ...
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In this research, a model is presented to measure the importance and performance of different dimensions of agility in the university. To analyze the results, in addition to the calculations related to importance and performance, the importance-performance matrix (IPA) is used, which can show the location of the agility dimensions and the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. This model was implemented as a case study in Ardakan University and the obtained results were evaluated and analyzed. A questionnaire and a survey of faculty members and employees were used to evaluate agility, and the results show that there is no significant difference between these two groups. The evaluation and analysis of the obtained information about the importance and performance of different agility items has been done with the help of the IPA matrix, and decisions about these items have been presented based on their position in the matrix. Based on this matrix, the strengths and weaknesses of Ardakan University and the cases that do not need to be allocated a budget at the moment have been identified and suggestions have been made for the university managers.Extended Abstract IntroductionAgility as the business paradigm of the new century is a winning strategy to be able to compete in the global market with customers whose needs change rapidly (Sarlak, Delangizan & Kakeh baraie, 2016). There are different definitions for organizational agility, but in simple terms, it can be said that it is the ability of the organization to survive and progress in an environment with continuous and unpredictable changes. In addition to surviving in such environments, agile organizations can also gain benefits and opportunities for themselves (Karami, 2008).The need for the agility of higher education in dealing with the changes in the world after the corona pandemic showed itself well. In this change, trying to maintain the quality of education while responding to the needs of students, staff and professors, and clear and accurate communication with these groups, universities faced new challenges (Connolly & Farrier, 2022). Virtual education and the use of digital tools have also strengthened concepts such as virtual university, agile university and 4th generation university (Shrivastava & Shrivastava, 2022).The main question of this research is to identify the state of agility in Ardakan University and the position of different aspects of agility in terms of their importance and performance and their prioritization. With such an analysis; the strengths, weaknesses and problems of the university in the field of agility can be identified and ranked.Theoretical FrameworkAgility as a strategy for organizations in the 21st century to quickly adapt to changes was introduced to the world by Iacocca Research Institute in 1991. Later, many researchers in this field researched and presented models and defined different dimensions for agility in organizations (Sarlak, et al, 2016). Agility in academia is defined as its ability as a living human system to thrive and learn from continuous changes in the environment, so that change becomes part of normal organizational life and not a threatening event (Sharpe, 2012).The IPA matrix was first proposed in 1977 to evaluate service quality. As a simple and understandable tool, IPA has wide applications in evaluating the organization by managers and shows a good picture of the organization's performance.Moradi, Hosseinpour, & Mehralizadeh, (2021) investigated the primary and secondary factors affecting agility in the University of San'at Naft and showed that university culture, knowledge management and information technology are effective on the strategic agility of managers and training and empowerment of employees and value addition of employees on organizational agility.Pourjavid, Khosravipour, & Alibaygi, (2021) examined agility in the dimensions of causal, contextual, intervening, core, strategies, and consequences of agility in agricultural education in Iran. This research describes the methods of achieving agility in agricultural universities and has not provided a model to evaluate the level of agility. MethodologyThis qualitative research is applicable in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. The statistical population under investigation was all Ardakan University personnel (including staff and faculty members), whose number was 110 at the time of the research. By calculating the sample size through Cochran's formula at the error level of 10%, the number of 51 people was obtained as a sample. A total of 50 answer sheets were collected and the data of 47 of them were confirmed.To conduct this research, a questionnaire with 27 items on a 5-point Likert scale was used to measure the importance and performance of different agility factors in Ardakan University. In order to use the IPA model, the questionnaire is set in two sections: importance and performance. In order to measure content validity, the opinion of seven professors and experts in this field who had at least one article on university agility was received.Discussion and ResultsSPSS 19 software was used to check the research hypothesis and analyze data, and ANOVA test was used to check the difference of opinion of different occupational groups, and the results showed that the significance level (Sig.) for all dimensions of agility is higher than 0.05, that is, the reason is not enough to reject the null hypothesis, and in all dimensions the sample mean is equal to the expected mean. In other words, the importance of all aspects of the university's agility is high from the viewpoint of the university's staff and faculty. Friedman's test was also used for the performance of different dimensions of agility. The results of this test show that according to the significance value less than 0.05, the average performance of agility in different dimensions is not the same. The performance ranking results of different dimensions with the help of Friedman's test in Table 9 show that although agile leadership ranked first in terms of importance, it was ranked third in terms of performance. The ANOVA test results show that the significance level (Sig) for all dimensions is higher than 0.05, that is, the average gap in all dimensions is equal for different occupational groups. As a result, there is no significant difference between the opinions of the faculty, staff, and faculty with the executive position.ConclusionThe present research was conducted with the aim of assessing the agility in universities with the IPA model (case study: Ardakan University). Rapid changes in the environment, businesses, educational needs, teaching methods and new technologies have drawn the attention of university managers and higher education institutions to agility in the university. In the past, many studies in this field have been conducted in other countries and also in our country. Most of these studies have estimated the level of agility by surveying university faculty members about different dimensions. In this article, the performance-importance tool is proposed to measure different aspects of agility in the university and it has been used specifically in Ardakan University. Also, in addition to faculty members, employees have also been surveyed for evaluation. The results of the research showed that the importance of all dimensions of agility is high and performance in all dimensions is less than that. Comparing the performance gap in all dimensions and the opinions of faculty members and employees showed that the opinions of the different groups surveyed did not differ significantly. At the end, by placing the different dimensions and items of the questionnaire in the importance-performance matrix, the situation of each is analyzed and solutions are provided for them.According to the current research, the following are suggested:- Focusing on more interaction and encouraging teamwork between employees and faculty members by holding face-to-face and virtual meetings and defining projects and tasks as a teamStrengthening the industry communication unit to create and expand cooperation networks with different industries and specialists and hold related seminarsDesigning and creating appropriate systems and processes for evaluating and supporting the research of students, staff and faculty.
management
mohammad bermeh; Mohammad Naghi Imani; Saeed Alizadeh; Babak Nasiri; Reza Sourani
Abstract
The purpose of the current research is to analyze the dimensions and components of organizational culture based on normative and individual variables in the managers of education headquarters in Tehran province. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable; and in terms of execution method, ...
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The purpose of the current research is to analyze the dimensions and components of organizational culture based on normative and individual variables in the managers of education headquarters in Tehran province. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable; and in terms of execution method, it is qualitative, descriptive-exploratory; and in terms of its nature, it is among foundation data research. The statistical population of this research includes 12 experts who are well-informed and proficient in the subject of research in the field of management and have a valid scientific background in this field. Sampling method used in this research was non-random purposeful. The method of data collection is referring to documents, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. For data analysis, Atlas ti software was used to code the interviews. The results showed that in the normative dimension, there are 10 categories: organizational justice, work maturity, ambiguity avoidance, external supervision, decision-making, job promotion, masculinity or feminism, concentration (power distance), customer orientation, productivity with 57 indicators; and in the Individual dimension also has 10 categories: sense of belonging, responsibility, individual creativity, communication, participation (teamwork), identity, self-control, motivation, conflict, interaction in 61 indicators and in 6 categories that include causal conditions, communication conditions, background factors, intervener factors, strategies, consequences were identified.Extended abstractIntroductionJust as people in the society have certain beliefs, values and behaviors that represent their personality; organizations also have common assumptions and basic beliefs that shape their culture. Culture has been defined as the set of spiritual achievements of a nation. Culture is a human invention and made by human hands. This finding reflects the existence and identity of a society (Mirza Mohammadi, 2021). Organizational culture is the personality of the organization and it is considered as the basic infrastructure for transformation and change, and managers should understand its relationship with national culture and strive for organizational cohesion by taking advantage of its strategic role. Organizational culture is an interwoven set of basic assumptions, common inferences and collective wisdom that is formed in the context of previous experiences and findings in facing internal or external issues and serves as a guiding light and an invigorating source plays a role in shaping the behavior of employees and architecture of the present and future of the organization (Mohammadiyan & Shahsavari, 2019).Education is a continuous activity, comprehensive and for everyone, which leads to human growth and development, cultural enrichment and the excellence of society, and therefore, innovation should always be created in it. In other words, education is not specific to an exclusive period and time of life and has no time limit, so it must always be renewed and updated (Safaei et al, 2020). For organizational innovation, development and transformation, one of the important organizational conditions that must be considered in policies and implementation of programs is related organizational culture. The author's many years of experience in executive affairs shows that lack of paying attention to organizational culture has not always led to the desired results of innovation, development, organizational transformation and change in organizations (Hamzeh & Hamzeh, 2016). An organizational culture able to respond to environmental changes can lead to optimal organizational performance.According to the above materials, the researcher asked the main question: what are the dimensions and components of organizational culture based on normative and individual variables in the managers of education headquarters in Tehran province? Theoretical FrameworkOrganizational CultureCulture is a set of customs, standards and individual and social behaviors; therefore, while culture is the effect of many parts of religious views, it is also considered the cause of many conditions and situations. Due to the progress of communication tools and the ever-increasing expansion of their use in many social phenomena and developments, the role of culture has become far greater than in the past; in such a way that culture now plays a decisive role at the domestic, regional and international levels and is one of the tools that governments use to achieve their goals and objectives; in this way, cultural dominance is not a new phenomenon. Cultural policy in the general and customary sense includes a set of goals, principles, priorities and executive policies (Mirza Mohammadi, 2021).Normative and individual variablesIn the conceptual definition of norms, most sociologists are more or less unanimous that norms (forms) are the rules of social behavior that guide a person in social actions. Observing these patterns and rules of behavior expected by the society's culture, and avoiding them is punishable (Khabbaz Yazdiha et al, 2020).Zebardast et al, (2022) investigated the relationship between the transformational leadership factors of educational group managers on the effectiveness of university faculty members through organizational culture. The results showed that the relationship between transformational leadership style of managers and organizational culture was significant and the mediating variable of organizational culture has a significant effect on the relationship between transformational leadership style and the effectiveness of faculty members. It can be said that transformational leadership does not have a direct and significant effect on effectiveness in the final research model. However, transformational leadership affects the effectiveness of faculty members through organizational culture.Yusefi et al, (2022) investigated the impact of individual and normative variables on ethical leadership. The results of the research show that value, job satisfaction, motivation, personality, creativity, components were individual components, and organizational communication, organizational culture, organizational structure, decision-making styles, roles and expectations, goals and strategy were normative components that had a significant impact on ethical leadership.Research methodologyThis research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of execution method: descriptive-exploratory type, and data-based in terms of its nature. The statistical population includes 12 experts and specialists who are well-informed and proficient in the subject of research in the field of management, and have a valid scientific background in this field. Non-random purposeful sampling method is used to determine the samples and determine the experts.Research findingsThree types of coding were used to analyze the data obtained from the interview as well as theoretical foundations, which are: open coding, axial coding and selective coding. For analysis, Atlas ti software was used to code the interviews. The results showed that in the normative dimension, 10 categories were identified: organizational justice, work maturity, ambiguity avoidance, external supervision, decision-making, job promotion, masculinity or feminism, concentration (power distance), customer orientation, productivity with 57 indicators; and in the individual dimension also 10 categories: sense of belonging, responsibility, individual creativity, communication, participation, identity, self-control, motivation, conflict, interaction in 61 indicators, and in 6 categories that include causal conditions, communication conditions, background factors, intervener factors, strategies, consequences.ConclusionThe present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the dimensions and components of organizational culture based on normative and individual variables in the managers of education headquarters in Tehran province. The results of this research are correspond with the results of Turki et al, (2021), Eimani et al, (2021), Van Dung HA (2020), Yusefi et al, (2020), Mohebbi et al, (2023), Zebardast et al, (2022). Mohebbi et al, (2023) showed that in educational organizations, organizational culture plays an important role in producing teamwork culture and achieving the benefits of the process of participation and collaboration. Educational systems have a special place according to their goals and mission, the most important of which is the training of efficient human resources for other institutions of society; and universities are the most important and key educational organizations that, in addition to training human resources, respond to the social needs for the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge and technology.According to the results obtained in three dimensions, the following suggestions are presented:- The motivation of managers to create team and collaborative activities should be improved. The opportunity to grow, develop and acquire new effective professional skills and knowledge for managers should be provided for the managers. The conditions of sustainable competitive advantage should be designed. The ground for continuous improvement of organizational intelligence in order to realize the learning organization should be prepared. Individual development and strengthening positive behaviors of managers should be considered. By creating a positive organizational atmosphere, the cooperative structure of the organization should be strengthened. Agility of the organization structure according to the suitability of the job and competence of the people and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the rules and regulations by simplifying matters should be considered. By supporting individual values and de-stressing people, internal motivation and sense of belonging to the organization should be improved. Influence in decision-making and implementation by delegating authority should be considered. The position of managers in the organization should be changed to facilitator and leader. Try to create an active, effective and sustainable teaching and learning environment. Macro vision, goal setting, strategic planning and management, foresight, future research and future-recording and problem solving ability should be taken into consideration as important points for choosing staff managers.
Siroos ghanbari; Mohsen Ahmadi
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of individual citizenship behavior in the organizational innovation of schools with the mediation of knowledge sharing in elementary school teachers. The current research is developmental and applicable in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-correlative ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of individual citizenship behavior in the organizational innovation of schools with the mediation of knowledge sharing in elementary school teachers. The current research is developmental and applicable in terms of its purpose, and descriptive-correlative in terms of the nature and method of data collection. And it is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study is all primary school teachers in 2 districts of Kermanshah, which are 1150 people; And according to Morgan's table and stratified random sampling method, 291 people were selected as samples. In the present research, three questionnaires were used as collection tools, which include the standard questionnaire of individual citizenship behavior of Schwabsky (2014), knowledge sharing by Van den Hooff and Van Weenen (2004) and organizational innovation of schools by Amid et al. (2002). The findings of the research showed that individual citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing of teachers have a significant effect on the organizational innovation of schools at the level of 0.05. Individual citizenship behavior through knowledge sharing has a significant effect on schools' organizational innovation at the 0.05 level. Also individual citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing can explain 47% of the variance of schools' organizational innovation.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Innovation is a key category for improving performance because it plays a fundamental role in organizational competition at all levels, including different national and international levels. In the dynamic and complex situation in which organizations are competing, the need for innovative organizations is constantly felt more (Battistelli, at al, 2019). Many thinkers have introduced innovation along with making a difference as an undeniable indicator, and believe that innovation is a complementary part of the organization's strategy (Le and Lei, 2019). Among the factors influencing the organizational innovation of schools is "individual citizenship behavior". In relation to individual citizenship behavior, the most recent research has used organizational citizen behavior with a scale change of "individual citizen behavior". Individual citizenship behavior is the description of voluntary behaviors on behalf of individuals that exceed official expectations and express their duties (Ribeiro, Duarte, Filipe, 2018). Individual citizenship behavior is a part of extra-role behaviors; individual citizenship behavior is a kind of valuable and useful behavior that includes various behaviors of employees such as accepting and assuming additional responsibilities, obeying the rules and procedures of the organization, developing a positive attitude and tolerating problems at work (Sun and Yoon, 2020). On the other hand, research has shown us that one of the factors influencing the innovation of schools is "knowledge sharing" (Delio and Cullar, 2021). Knowledge sharing will be and is one of the main processes in different structures known for knowledge management, and the motivation of people to share knowledge in organizations is one of the most important priorities of knowledge management activists and agents in the world (Ghanbari and Ahmadi, 2019). Knowledge sharing reflects the culture of social interaction, which includes the transfer of knowledge, experiences and skills of employees in the whole or part of the organization (Afsar, Masood, Umrani, 2019). Sharing knowledge will improve the professional and working skills of employees and create a social context for them so that they have the ability to produce valuable knowledge content that can cause the growth and development of the organization's intellectual capital (Attar, 2020).
According to the mentioned points, the researchers are trying to answer the main question of whether there is a significant relationship between individual citizenship behavior and organizational innovation of schools through the sharing of knowledge among primary teachers.
Theoretical framework
Organizational innovation of schools refers to new techniques of management, organization and strategies at the levels of organizations (Woodland, Douglas, Matuszczak, 2021). Organizational innovation of schools creates positive output and usable and valuable services in the organization. On the other hand, school organizational innovation is defined as a school's willingness to develop positive outputs and advanced and new services and present them to the market for success. In other words, organizational innovation at the school level is the key to survival in today's competitive education environment (Khan, at al, 2018). Knowledge sharing is the voluntary and enthusiastic transfer of acquired skills and experiences to other people and departments of the organization (Gupta, Mejia, Kajikawa, 2019). Knowledge sharing is also defined as information behavior that requires effort and preparation to be accountable and understand information knowledge sharing (Kurniawan, at al, 2020). Individual citizenship behavior by creating suitable platforms for working human factors makes teachers teach with a sense of responsibility and full commitment to issues in their organization and profession (Tufan, Elma, Çinkir, 2019). Individual citizenship behavior causes the success, efficiency and effectiveness of teachers in any type of educational system and should depend more on teachers who are willing to do things beyond the formal job requirements (Choi, Hwang, Kwon, 2019).
Mesgarian, et al (2021) showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge sharing and organizational innovation. Rajabi Farjad, Mirsepasi, Naderi Mehrbani (2021) showed that there is a significant relationship between knowledge management processes and organizational innovation. Mazari and Thabet (2019) showed that there is a significant relationship between organizational citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing.
Methodology
In terms of the objective, the current research is of the type of applicable and developmental research, and in terms of the method used, it is a descriptive-correlative research. The statistical population of the present study is all primary school teachers in two districts of Kermanshah, which are 1150 people; and according to Morgan's table, 291 people were selected as samples. Stratified random sampling method was used in this research. In order to collect data related to the variable of organizational innovation of schools, the questionnaire of standard organizational innovation of schools (Amid et al, 2002), individual citizenship behavior questionnaire (Shuibeski, 2014), and knowledge sharing questionnaire (Vanden Huff & Van Vinen, 2004) was used.
Research findings
In order to investigate the hypothesis of the research, the modeling of structural equations, the method of structural equation modeling with the help of spss software, and inferential statistics was used to test the hypotheses. Then, regression was used to test the hypotheses with LISREL software, confirmatory and content factor analysis, as well as the effect of factors; and the descriptive indices and correlation matrix of the research variables showed that the variables of individual citizenship behavior (0.698) and knowledge sharing (0.447) have a positive and significant relationship with the variable of organizational innovation of schools at the level of 0.05. The individual citizenship behavior variable has a positive and significant relationship with the knowledge sharing variable (0.645) at the 0.05 level. The results of the first hypothesis showed that the variable of individual citizenship behavior with the path coefficient (0.51) and the t value (7.15) has a positive and significant effect on the variable of organizational innovation of schools at the level of 0.05, and as a result, the null hypothesis is rejected while the opposite hypothesis is confirmed, so the first hypothesis is confirmed. The results of the second hypothesis showed that the knowledge sharing variable with path coefficient (0.41) and t value (5.36) has a positive and significant effect on the organizational innovation variable of schools at the level of 0.05, and as a result, the null hypothesis is rejected and the opposite hypothesis is confirmed, so the second hypothesis is confirmed. The results of the third hypothesis showed that the individual citizenship behavior variable with path coefficient (0.54) and t value (6.73) has a positive and significant effect on the knowledge sharing variable at the level of 0.05, and as a result, the null hypothesis is rejected and the opposite hypothesis is confirmed, so the third hypothesis is confirmed. And the results of the fourth hypothesis showed that the variable of individual citizenship behavior through knowledge sharing with the path coefficient (0.2214) and the t value (4.16) has a positive and significant effect on the variable of organizational innovation at the level of 0.05, and as a result, the null hypothesis is rejected and the opposite hypothesis is confirmed, so the fourth hypothesis is confirmed.
Conclusion
The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of individual citizenship behavior in the organizational innovation of schools with the mediation of knowledge sharing among primary school teachers. These results are consistent with the findings of researchers such as Mesgarian, et al (2021), Akbari (2019), Azeem, et al (2021), Shujahat et al (2019) and Koch, et al (2015). In explaining this finding, it can be said that teachers who are constantly donating knowledge and gathering knowledge and developing their knowledge and skills through this sharing of knowledge; bring new information into the organization through this behaviour, which leads to organizational innovation. Also, teachers who have high citizenship behavior develop their curricular and non-curricular, knowledge and information, and share their information with other colleagues on their demand. This can be effective in improving organizational innovation. According to the results of the research, it is suggested that teachers' performance evaluation systems be aligned with the dimensions of supporting innovations, and teachers' satisfaction with innovation should be measured and evaluated, which is done through changing employee performance evaluation policies; education managers should use appropriate systems and methods and support creativity and innovation, which is done through teachers' job independence, providing an environment for the learning organization, and welcoming their new ideas; and also to raise the level of organizational innovation of teachers, it is suggested to the policy makers, planners, and administrators of education to hold face-to-face or virtual training workshops about factors affecting innovation, including individual citizenship behavior and knowledge sharing.
Education Management
Mahyar Yar Ahmadi; Habib Honari; Meysam Shabani Nia
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to design a virtual training model for physical education in Iran. The research method was qualitative and based on theme analysis. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data analysis was done by Glazer (1992) method. The participants ...
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Abstract
The aim of the current research is to design a virtual training model for physical education in Iran. The research method was qualitative and based on theme analysis. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data analysis was done by Glazer (1992) method. The participants of the research include 14 experts, members of the student sports federation, high-ranking university professors, and people with organizational positions such as the vice president of physical education and health of the Ministry of Education; and the sampling continued until reaching theoretical saturation. After step-by-step coding, the total number of registered codes is equal to 32, and the total number of agreements between codes is equal to 12. Theme analysis was used to analyze the data in the qualitative stage. The results of the research showed that the design of the virtual training model of physical education in Iran includes the problems of conducting physical education lessons in virtual space, the lack of supervision and concentration in virtual education, the lack of proper communication between professors and students, the coverage of virtual classes, economic issues, technological weakness of software and hardware, internet and its infrastructure problems, benefits of information technology in virtual education, superior characteristics of virtual education, weakness in establishing friendship and communication, insufficient knowledge of the space and capabilities of virtual education, problems of virtual education in physical education, weakness in network communication and infrastructural obstacles, the use of new educational technologies, the learning problems of online education, the capabilities of virtual education and the reasons for the importance and excellence of virtual education.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Due to the rapid growth of online resources and technological tools, the need for new methods of education has increased significantly in recent years, which has created vast opportunities for the generation and sharing of information across numerous regions. Increasing the quality of education has helped to increase the value of GDP in different regions (Eisenchlas, Schalley, & Guillemin, 2013). On the other hand, the arrival of modern media and communication tools and the conditions that have arisen in the current era due to the Corona epidemic have affected the non-attendance education of students and have provided various methods of virtual education on the Internet for learners (Parapi, Maesaroh, Basuki, & Masykuri, 2013). Today, electronic education is gradually evolving and as an inevitable component of the educational process, it has entered the educational institutions of advanced countries. Many analysts firmly believe in the further expansion of this segment of the educational services market (Brown, 2018). In the meantime, the non-attendance teaching of the physical education course, which has special conditions and includes practical and movement skills, faces the challenges; matching the set goals of the academic courses based on the fundamental transformation document with selected methods of non-attendance education such as messengers, online education, television school, and educational packages, is one of the most important specific goals of these trainings; which of course should not be only theoretical and knowledge, but should provide conditions so that the learner is obliged to follow virtual trainings and practical exercises at the same time in order to further deepen the neural connections of the brain and improve his performance and learning (Qingtao, 2020).
As a result, the upcoming research seeks to answer the following question: How is the design of the model of the effective factors of virtual education in physical education in Iran?
Theoretical Framework
Knowledge transfer methods such as lecturing in class can lead to passiveness of learners. On the other hand, trying to include or integrate valid and meaningful learning contexts may seem difficult for logistical reasons. Therefore, in dealing with these issues, today, educators are given the opportunity to present the best things in their education program through technology and virtual education (Abd Majid, & Shamsudin, 2019).
Virtual education, not only because of its convenience and flexibility, but also because it can expand the educational coverage, has become one of the tools widely used by students at all levels of education. (Escobar-Grisales, Vásquez-Correa, Vargas-Bonilla, & Orozco-Arroyave, 2020).
The success of the electronic learning system also depends on the willingness and acceptance of students to use this system (Vershitskaya et al, 2020). Not using the e-learning system makes it difficult to realize the benefits, and this leads to the unsuccessful implementation of the system and wastes the costs incurred in schools (Almaiah, Al-Khasawneh, & Althunibat, m 2020).
Kim et al, (2021) conducted a research titled Understanding Student Acceptance of Online Learning Systems in Higher Education: Application of Social Psychology Theories Considering Innovative Users. The research results showed that perceived ease of use affects perceived usefulness, perceived usefulness affects attitude, while perceived ease does not directly affect attitude. Also, attitude and subjective norms positively affect behavioral intention, while perceived behavioral control has no effect on behavioral intention. Finally, user innovation plays a moderating role in the relationship between mental norms and behavioral intention.
Gelineau-Morel & Dilts (2021) conducted a study on virtual education during COVID-19 and beyond. Results show that our curriculum increased learner satisfaction, engagement, and communication compared to our pre-COVID curriculum. While our curriculum promotes the exchange of ideas between all types of learners and fosters interaction and communication. In the future, we plan to continue our virtual education curriculum and further expand our topics and professors to address our diverse audience.
Research methodology
The method of the present research is exploratory in nature and qualitative approach, which is a theme analysis strategy. The statistical population of this research includes professors and specialists in the field of physical education in schools; which includes 14 experts who are members of the student sports federation, high-ranking university professors and people with organizational positions such as the vice president of physical education and health of the Ministry of Education. The sampling method in the qualitative part includes the purposeful sampling method and it is based on the selection of sample cases by the researcher according to personal judgment and the objectives of the study and the nature of the research, and using the snowball technique until reaching theoretical saturation.
Research findings
Theme analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that the design of the virtual training model of physical education in Iran includes the problems of conducting physical education lessons in virtual space, the lack of supervision and concentration in virtual education, the lack of proper communication between professors and students, the coverage of virtual classes, economic issues, weakness of software and hardware technology, Internet and its infrastructure problems, benefits of information technology in virtual education, superior characteristics of virtual education, weakness in establishing friendship and communication, insufficient knowledge of the space and capabilities of virtual education, problems of virtual education of physical education lesson, weakness in network communication and infrastructural barriers, use of new educational technologies, problems of virtual learning, capabilities of virtual learning, and the reasons for the importance and superiority of virtual learning.
Conclusion
The current research has been conducted with the aim of designing a virtual training model for physical education in Iran. The results of this research corresponds with the results of research of Kim et al, (2021), Gelineau-Morel & Dilts (2021), Heynojoleysana et al, (2020), Elmaya et al, (2020), Abdollahi et al, (2021), Mohammadi et al, (2023), and Rezapour & Moharramzadeh (2021). Mohammadi et al, (2023) showed that the professional boundaries in the relationship between professor and student include emotional boundaries (avoiding emotional relationships and maintaining respectful behavior), communication boundaries (transparency in communication and privacy), and power boundaries (transparency in the boundaries of power and discretion and avoiding discrimination). In general, based on the results of this research, it can be said that in the academic context, effective communication and interactions between professors and students are considered as one of the effective factors in student progress and improving the teaching and learning process. Therefore, careful monitoring of communication and encouragement to create the right relationship between professor and student within the framework of professional boundaries makes sense. According to the results of the research, and because physical education lessons are very important for the physical and mental health of students; it is suggested that Special attention should be paid to physical education in the virtual educational program of schools. For planning virtual education in physical education, the Education Office needs an efficient model and program so that it can determine plans, goals, infrastructures, supports, teaching topics, etc. Also, physical education teachers need a suitable model and guide for the coherence and effectiveness of virtual teaching.
Education Management
Masoud Shafiei Chafi; Reza Mahdi; Mahdi Asadi
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this research is to compare the effect of higher education on political development in the two countries of Iran and Turkey in 2022-2023. In terms of purpose and nature, this research is in the category of applicable research; and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey. The ...
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Abstract
The aim of this research is to compare the effect of higher education on political development in the two countries of Iran and Turkey in 2022-2023. In terms of purpose and nature, this research is in the category of applicable research; and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the research includes experts and specialists in higher education and political development, and a purposeful sampling method was used to sample this population. Finally, 18 experts participated in this research and completed the valid researcher-made questionnaire. The findings of the research showed that in several factors, the higher education system has a significant effect on political development at the 0.01 level: Policy making and planning for the development of higher education, internationalization of higher education, using the experiences of developed countries in higher education management, training of expert staff and improving the level of knowledge and literacy in society through higher education, knowledge production in the education system. higher education, commercialization of university ideas in the higher education system and university's relationship with industry and society, innovation system in higher education, technological innovations, development of educational technology, independence of universities, culture building and citizenship education. Also, based on this research, some of the components of higher education affecting political development in Turkey have a more favorable situation than in the Islamic Republic of Iran: using the experiences of developed countries in managing higher education, training specialist staff, and improving the level of knowledge and literacy in society through higher education, knowledge production in the higher education system, commercialization of university ideas in the higher education system and the relationship between the university and industry and society, the innovation system in higher education, technological innovations, the development of educational technology and the independence of universities. In this article, the reason for the difference between the models of the two countries has been investigated.
Extended abstract
Introduction
With the introduction of the element of knowledge as the main source and capital of universities, a new window has been opened in the administration of affairs and management of organizations. Today, the online presence of universities is an important and vital issue in academic systems (Memon & Rathore, 2018). University leaders believe that by using online technology systems, they can continue the long-term superiority of universities in scientific and knowledge fields. In such a period, the creation of the flow of knowledge has become the main support, and we dare say that today universities and higher education institutions can survive in a highly competitive world if they have the ability to cope with and adapt to changes and constantly apply new ideas in the organization. Universities and higher education institutions will be more successful in responding to changing environments by creating online learning streams and developing new capabilities that allow them to perform better. Since in today's world, the university is considered one of the main institutions of the society, ignoring the university and its missions can have harmful consequences for the society. Modern societies are full of complex issues and problems that universities can be effective in solving and preventing (Palme, 2012).
The higher education system and the university institution have an impact on various aspects of human life, nations and countries, including the national and international political arena. The main and key issue is that despite the great importance and sensitivity of political affairs and political development in efficient governance and providing suitable living conditions for citizens and the extraordinary range of scope, goals, missions and expectations from higher education and universities in the country; research and analysis has not been sufficiently done on the impacts and effects of higher education on political development in the scientific sense and recognition of strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opportunities.
As a result, the upcoming research seeks to answer the following question: What effect does higher education have on political development.
Theoretical Framework
Political development is a process that happens with the authority of the government in the society and brings its own effects and consequences. That is why political development has also been considered as change. Lucien Pai says about ten important aspects of political development, which include; a prerequisite for economic development, the policy of industrialization of the country, the practical authority of the nation-state system, legal and administrative-executive development, mass mobilization and political participation, the creation of democracy and stability, and orderly change (Harasim, 2018).
Higher Education
Higher education systems are experiencing a new change in the "structure", "action" and "mission" of the university institution. In recent years, the fourth generation university is gradually being formed. In the fourth generation of universities, value is defined on the basis of strategic partnership, entrepreneur training and the degree of absorption of income from external sources and guidance and leadership, as well as the degree of influence on other factors in societies. Education is done based on the needs of society and students, and solving society's challenges is considered as the basis of research. International partnerships are an important part of the entrepreneurial university. Promoting risk-taking culture, creating a sense of belonging to entrepreneurship, academic freedom, valuing culture, talent management, creating a suitable entrepreneurial atmosphere, teamwork culture, introducing entrepreneurial faculty members as role models and their participation in decision-making and policy-making, attention and valuing entrepreneurial students are among the components of entrepreneurial culture (Khodabakhsh & Taghi Pur, 2023).
Shafiei Chafi & Mahdi (2022) investigated the impact of higher education policies on political development indicators in Iran. The analysis of the data showed that the internationalization of education has a significant effect on the political development of Iran. Also, the effect of commercialization of academic ideas on the political development of Iran is significant at the level of (0.01).Nazarzadeh et al, (2021) conducted a comparative study of quantum management, human resource productivity and organizational empathy in higher education (case study: Lorestan Universities and Lorestan Medical Sciences). According to the results of data analysis, there is a significant difference between the amount of quantum management and productivity of human resources in Lorestan universities and Lorestan medical sciences, but there is no difference between the levels of organizational empathy in these two universities.
Research methodology
In terms of purpose and nature, this research is in the category of applicable research; and from the point of view of implementation, it is a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the research consists of experts and specialists in higher education and political development, and a purposeful sampling method was used to sample from this population. The research data collection tool in this section includes the use of a researcher-made questionnaire based on the dimensions and indicators identified and screened by experts, which has been used in the studied community after checking its validity and reliability. In this research, 18 experts have participated in the field of higher education and political development in Iran and Turkey.
Research findings
SPSS software was used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that the higher education system has a significant effect on political development in several factors at the 0.01 level: policy making and planning of higher education development, internationalization of higher education, using the experiences of developed countries in higher education management, education expert force and improving the level of knowledge and literacy in the society through higher education, knowledge production in the higher education system, commercialization of university ideas in the higher education system and the connection of the university with industry and society, innovation system in higher education, technological innovations, development of educational technology, independence of universities, culture and citizenship education. Also, based on this research, some components of higher education affecting political development in Turkey have a more favorable situation than in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Using the experiences of developed countries in the management of higher education, training of expert staff and improving the level of knowledge and literacy in the society through higher education, producing knowledge in the higher education system, commercializing university ideas in the higher education system and connecting the university with industry and Society, innovation system in higher education, technological innovations, development of educational technology and independence of universities.
Conclusion
The purpose of this research is the effect of higher education on political development; a comparative study which has been done in Iran and Turkey. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Shafiei Chafi & Mahdi (2022), Fischer & Hanze (2019), Nithyanandam (2020), Evans (2020), Oztel (2020), and Shatzer (2021). In explaining the findings of the research, it can be said that higher education has an important economic role and influence, because it represents an important type of investment in human resources that is developed by providing and improving the knowledge, attitudes and skills required by human resources in different fields and areas; helps politically, economically, socially and culturally. The role and position of higher education in this field can be clarified when we pay attention to the fact that scientific predictions and estimates depict rapid changes and developments in the field of technology and, consequently, in the functioning of economic, political, social and cultural institutions.
Finally, based on the findings of this research, it is suggested:
Based on the findings of research and approval of higher education development policy and planning as a component of higher education, it is suggested that higher education policies and their implementation in universities and long-term and mid-term programs of higher education and their implementation in universities should be formulated.
2. Based on the research findings and confirmation of the internationalization of higher education as a component of higher education, it is suggested that international interactions with world universities be facilitated and international databases be created in the field of higher education.
management
maliheh asghariajiri; hamid jafarian
Abstract
Extended AbstractAbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the needs of the labor market for the specialization of students in technical-vocational branches of Qom province. This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population included all teachers in Qom province ...
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Extended AbstractAbstractThe present study was conducted to investigate the needs of the labor market for the specialization of students in technical-vocational branches of Qom province. This research is a survey in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population included all teachers in Qom province and the sample according to Cochran's formula was 259 people, and sampling method was the stratified quota. Data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and a checklist of disciplines in the technical-professional branch (40 disciplines) and the vocational branch (161 disciplines). Content validity was evaluated positively by the relevant professors, and reliability was calculated to be 0.78 with Cronbach's alpha. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, and Friedman test were used to analyze the data. Mechanical equipment (with an average rank of 15/31), carpet handicrafts (with an average rank of 14.74); and in its field of expertise, troubleshooting computer systems, production and development of Internet sites, electric machines and computer game programming in the branch of expertise are market priorities in the work market of Qom province. In this study, new cases for educational management in the field of technical-vocational branches and skills in Qom province were introduced, which ultimately provides a good platform for employment growth and reducing unemployment among high school students. It is suggested that educational administrators include the identified priorities in their plans and base their educational activities on the results of scientific research, including the present study, in order to make the provided training effective.IntroductionIn order to accelerate their movement towards social and economic development, industrialized and developing countries seek to better and more economically exploit their important source of production, namely manpower (Genmaoui, 1991). The importance of technical-vocational education and its impact on economic development is not hidden from anyone. Today, technical-vocational education leaders, with great responsibility and wisdom, must take advantage of the potential opportunities that the new era brings along, by providing flexible leadership for their institutions (binNasir, 2021). There is a lot of evidence that increasing the level of skills by increasing investment in vocational training has enhanced the economic potential of countries (Abdollahi, 2016). Any inconsistency between the needs of the community and the skills of the graduates can be prevented by conducting a needs assessment for the vocational education curriculum (Rosina et. al, 2021). With regard to the relationship of the technical-vocational training impact on the job-creating skills (Abdullah et. al, 2021), Technical-professional training is one of the main methods of training specialized personnel. In this regard, the more the managers have a clear knowledge and understanding of their vision and direction, the more they can clearly define organizational goals and strategies for employees (Eyni, 2020). The progress of many countries has been achieved by relying on increasing the skills of human resources; however, based on existing research findings, it seems that in our country, the graduates of these trainings are not in line with the intended goals (Abbaszadeh et. al, 2018. (In order to improve the quality of technical and vocational education curricula, it is necessary to tailor the curricula to the professional needs of businesses and the link between employers and planners (Shafi, 2021). In fact, having a perspective, as well as defined goals and missions for achieving the determined goals is the introduction of getting acceptable results from training (Hadavand, 2020). Although in the field of vocational education implementation, the influence of determining factors related to resources and stakeholders is very vital (Caves et al., 2021), it seems that some levels of education are not organized in technical schools (Sangita, 2021). Paying attention to creating a connection between technical education and the labor market and trying to measure the climate needs in the distribution of technical disciplines will increase the efficiency of the professional technical field and is one of its needs. According to the Supreme Leader, the economic progress is not possible without work-affair enhancement and look at work (Statement in the meeting between teachers and workers, 1378/2/19). Considering that the lack of connection between the field of education and the labor market causes the waste of national capital, efforts to create information and communication bridges is essential to link industry and the job market to in-school training. In fact, short-term and medium-term goal setting in the education of the provinces based on the results of field research in the field of labor market and industry needs, paves the way for development, so the question can be asked: what are the labor market needs of Qom with regard to the skills of the graduates of this field?Theoretical frameworkA review of theoretical foundations and already-done research shows the importance of technical-vocational training in developed countries; for example, vocational training in Germany is often presented as a dual system, i.e. teaching and learning is done in two environments: One in the workplace such as factories, workshops, service offices, and the other in part-time technical-vocational schools, and whoever learns skills in a dual style is both a workplace intern and a student at school (Alavi Ilkhchi and Khosravi Babadi, 2014). Findings of Jalilian et.al (2017) showed that there is no correspondence between the existing performance of technical-vocational education and the desired situation (identified needs andpriorities of education) in Khorramshahr city. Research results demonstrate the importance of needs assessment in the branches of technical-vocational to be adapted to the labor market.MethodologyThe present study was applied in terms of purpose; and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the study consisted of all students working in education colleges in Qom province in the academic year 2020-2021, which according to the organization of Education were 796 people. In this research, the quota targeted stratified sampling method was used in which each technical-vocational conservatory was involved in sampling according to its number and proportion. The sample size was determined through Cochran's formula of 259 people. Data were collected by means of library, field, questionnaire methods and evaluation checklists. Thus, by studying in the field of research, the main axes in two areas of external factors (recruiting the graduates in the labor market, tendency to employ graduates, matching market needs with the learning of the graduates) and internal factors (launching new disciplines equipment, course content, management style, teaching method) were identified and researcher-made questionnaire questions were designed based on these areas.Discussion and ResultsPrioritization of labor market needs of Qom province in the field of technical-vocational fields according to the significance of Friedman test related to the field of automotive mechanics with an average rank of 15.65 in the first priority, the field of mechanical installations with an average rank of 15.31 in the second priority, and the field of handicrafts (carpet) with an average rank of 14.74 was in the third priority of the needs of the labor market of Qom province. The field of photography with an average rank of 11.16 has the lowest needs of the labor market of Qom province. The field of troubleshooting computer systems with an average rank of 25.55 is the first rank and the most need of the labor market of Qom province in the field of its specialized fields. Also, the field of shielding gas welding with an average rank of 21.14 is the forty-sixth rank and has the lowest needs of the labor market of Qom province.ConclusionThe purpose of this study was to investigate the needs of the labor market in relation to the expertise of students in technical-vocational branches of Qom province. By comparing the findings, it was found that the highest and lowest needs of the labor market in Qom province in the field of technical-vocational are as follows: the field of automotive mechanic in the first priority, the field of mechanical installations in the second priority, and the field of handicrafts (carpets) in the third priority. The field of photography has the lowest needs of the labor market of Qom province. The acquired results are consistent with the results of research that introduces training in the field of machine industry and mechanics as a priority of technical-professional training. This study showed that the main priority of the labor market needs of Qom province in the field of expertise is the computer systems troubleshooting in the first place.Also, the field of shielding gas welding with an average rank of 21.14 takes the forty-sixth rank and has the lowest needs of the labor market of Qom province. These results are in line with the research findings that the priority of staff training is information skills and technical skills. According to this study, the lack of skills of professional technical graduates and their skills is related to the lack of workshop equipment in vocational schools. These findings are in line with the results of researches according to which business tools and equipment are among the first priorities of professional competence for students, and require more serious attention to the motivational, equipment, training and structural dimensions. This research was conducted during the corona outbreak, which made it difficult to access the addressed people directly, and to solve this problem, some questionnaires were sent to them through cyberspace. Considering the effect of using research findings in scientific decision-making, it is suggested that managers with technical expertise are employed in the field of management in vocational schools. Also, in order to equalizing the trainings in the teacher training level and the level of function in the art-schools, a close connection should be created between these two levels so that students can be in the atmosphere of conservatories from the beginning of entering teacher training and get acquainted with the needs and issues of students and complete their teaching skills in relation to these needs. In the end, it is also suggested that the mass media produce and offer special programs in this regard at the time of the selection of the field, so that the students does not feel alienated from choosing the field in the technical-vocational branches.
Education Management
soheila yousefghanbari; nahid shafiee; Amirhossein Mehdizadeh
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a model for facilitating experimental sciences based on the reverse approach in elementary school. According to its purpose, the research method is a mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative) based on thematic analysis and structural equation ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a model for facilitating experimental sciences based on the reverse approach in elementary school. According to its purpose, the research method is a mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative) based on thematic analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes 14 participants of the interview part (including experts in the field of curriculum, experts in the field of experimental sciences and teachers with high experience in elementary school) and participants in the texts content part (including documents published in reliable scientific databases in recent 5 years leading to the time of analysis and adjustment of the fourth season (2017 to 2022). The sampling method in the interview section is purposeful snowball type; and in the text section it is purposeful based on the purpose of the research. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes all primary school teachers in Khuzestan province with a sample of 193 people and was selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The tool of the qualitative part is an interview, and that of the quantitative part is a questionnaire. The analysis of the qualitative part is using the theme analysis method proposed by Atride-Sterling (2001), and the quantitative part is SPSS and Amos software. The results showed that the facilitation model includes six organizing themes: objective and visual teaching, teacher activity in the reverse method, teacher-student interaction, teaching for learning, teacher motivation and ability, and active participation of families, which has a total of 31 basic themes. In the validation of the designed model, the examination of the structural model showed that the above model has a good fit.
Extended abstract
Introduction
One of the important and practical lessons during education is experimental science, which is taught to students from the moment they enter school until the end of the academic year (Raisi Ardali, 2020). The purpose of teaching experimental sciences in the primary school curriculum is to educate people with scientific literacy, who must be equipped with knowledge, skills and scientific insight of behavior based on values and competences, and who must understand the phenomena related to experimental sciences and are familiar with science and technology (Simsek, 2020). Reviewing the results of the Tims test, which is the most important international adaptation study in the field of teaching experimental science and mathematics in the fourth grades of primary along with eighth grades of secondary school, and is held every four years under the supervision of the International Association for the Evaluation of Academic Progress (Zianejad Shirazi et al, 2022), shows Iran's poor performance in mathematics and experimental science lessons in the fourth grade of elementary school compared to other countries (Kasyani N, Zarei, 2019). The 21st century educational systems emphasize the importance of paying attention to student-centered learning in which students participate and direct their own learning. In student-centered learning environments, students must actively participate in learning. Participation should be organized through learning activities such as discussion, problem solving, and peer learning. These types of activities are known in a new method called the reverse learning method or the reverse class (Kazu, 2020). But despite the fact that in recent years, the reverse learning method has been proposed as an alternative model of education to improve students' knowledge and skills, interaction and self-efficacy in learning; mostly this method has been neglected in the field of teaching experimental sciences (Ahmed & Indurkhya, 2020).
Reverse learning is a type of blended learning that reverses traditional perceptions of pre-class and in-class activities. This teaching method gives students the opportunity to have more control over their learning. However, teachers should check whether students' activities in the classroom lead to more pre-learning or not (Nuhoglu Kibar, 2020). Based on this, the current research is looking for an answer to this question: What is the pattern of facilitating experimental sciences based on the reverse approach in the elementary school?
Theoretical Framework
Reverse learning
Reverse learning is an approach that has aroused the interest of researchers and educators today. Reverse learning, as the name suggests, is exactly the reverse of the traditional teaching method. If we want, this learning style can be summed up in one sentence: doing school work at home and doing homework at school. It is an educational model in which students learn educational content at home through online or offline educational videos, and the teacher in the classroom solves the problems and answers the students' questions and talks with them (Khorshidi & Ghaidi, F, 2022).
Aybirdi & Atasoy sal (2023) investigated the effect of reverse learning on the achievements of L2 learners. They showed that reverse learning had significant effects on students' scientific achievements compared to the traditional method.
Dong (2021) in a research entitled the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in collaborative learning showed that the flipped classroom was effective in improving academic performance and promoting higher level thinking abilities, such as critical thinking and self-recognition and evaluation.
Research methodology
According to its purpose, the research method is a mixed exploratory research (qualitative-quantitative) based on thematic analysis and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes 14 participants of the interview part (including experts in the field of curriculum, experts in the field of experimental sciences and teachers with high experience in elementary school) and participants in the content part of the texts (including documents published in reliable scientific databases in last 5 years lead to the time of analysis and adjustment of the fourth chapter (2017 to 2022). The sampling method in the interview section is purposeful snowball type; and in the texts section it is purposeful based on the purpose of the research. Statistical society in the quantitative part includes all primary school teachers in Khuzestan province with a sample of 193 people, which were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The tool of qualitative part is interview, and of quantitative part is questionnaire.
Research findings
To analyze the qualitative part, the method proposed by Atride-Sterling (2001) was used through the theme analysis method; and SPSS and Amos software were used to analyze the quantitative part. The results showed that the facilitation model includes six organizing themes: objective and visual teaching, teacher activity in the reverse method, teacher-student interaction, teaching for learning, teacher motivation and ability, and active participation of families; which has a total of 31 basic themes. In the validation of the designed model, the examination of the structural model showed that the above model has a good fit.
Conclusion
The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model for facilitating experimental sciences based on the reverse approach in elementary school. The results of this research are in agreement with the results of Aybirdi & Atasoy sal (2023), Dong (2021), Sahebyar et al, (2021), Jafarkhani et al, (2020), Tajari & Bayani (2019), Niro & Hajian (2020), Smallhorn (2017). Based on the study of Jafarkhani et al, (2020), the implementation of the reverse learning method has a positive effect on the learning and motivation of multi-grade students and helps the multi-grade teacher in the learning process and classroom management. Erkan & Duran (2023) in the context of the fourth elementary science lesson show that basic activities using reverse teaching have a positive effect on students' scientific creativity and their basic activity; and with this method, most students find the activities useful, structured and entertaining.
According to the results of the research, the following suggestions are presented:
It is necessary for educational systems in different educational levels, especially in the primary period, to use a creative reverse approach and use the opportunities and facilities of educational films and videos, internet spaces, and educational podcasts. In this regard, teachers should provide elementary students with new subjects of experimental sciences in the form of video, podcast or audio recording, and ask them to observe and take notes and bring them to class as homework.
Education Management
Hasan ghalavandi
Abstract
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between school culture and academic alienation with regard to the mediating role of basic psychological needs using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population includes all the students of the first ...
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Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between school culture and academic alienation with regard to the mediating role of basic psychological needs using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population includes all the students of the first year of high school in Lorestan province, which was a total of 23223 people, of which 400 people were selected as a statistical sample using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection tools were three standard questionnaires, Alessandro and Sade's school culture (1997), LaGuardia et al.'s (2000) basic psychological needs, and Dillon and Groat's (1976) academic alienation. The research data after collection were analyzed using Lisrel and SPSS statistical software.. The results showed that school culture has a direct effect on basic psychological needs (0.67). The t statistic of this effect is also (8.72), which is positive and significant at the 0.001 level. The direct effect of school culture on academic alienation is (-0.27). The t statistic of this effect is also (-3.12), which is negative and significant at the 0.01 level. The direct effect of basic psychological needs is on academic alienation (-0.47). The t-statistic of this effect is also (-4.41), which is negative and significant at the 0.001 level. The indirect effect of school culture on academic alienation is (-0.31). The t statistic of this effect is also (-4.20), which is negative and significant at the 0.001 level. Considering that this effect affects academic alienation through basic psychological needs, as a result, the mediating role of basic psychological needs in the relationship between school culture and students' academic alienation is confirmed.
Extended abstract
Introduction
One of the most important problems of the contemporary period, which many societies are suffering from and which has occupied the minds of thinkers, is the problem of alienation (Mohseni Tabrizi, 1991). Alienation, which includes feelings of hopelessness and loneliness, dates back to the time when people established relationships with themselves and those around them (Karatepe et al., 2021). A review of the conducted researches shows that there are factors that are the basis of students' academic alienation. According to Hascher & Hagenaver (2011), the motivation is the connecting concept of alienation with other variables. Self-determination theory is one of the most important theories in the field of motivation. This theory is based on the assumption that the living organism has a primary, internal and basic system of psychological needs that become more complex during growth and interaction with the environment, until it becomes more complex systems of behavior (Desi and Ryan, 2000). These needs include autonomy, competence and relatedness (Vansteenkiste & Deci, 2004). The conceptualization of basic psychological needs has been confirmed in research on how teachers influence students' motivation and behavior through the ways in which teachers support or hinder students' autonomy (Sharp & Pelletier, 2009). Also, according to the theory of ecological systems, culture is one of the factors that can influence the behavior in individual environments, such as the behavior of students and teachers in the classroom (Berk, 2011). On the other hand, schools try to transfer the cultural heritage of society from one generation to another and support the socialization of their beneficiaries with organizational culture. The concept of school culture is defined as a set of shared ideas, assumptions, values, and beliefs that give the school its identity and indicate the behaviors expected of school members. School culture can be defined as all the ideals, values, norms, beliefs, traditions and other cultural symbols that help determine the quality of the school (Bozkurt, 2023).
The current research tries to answer and explain the question that "Does school culture have an effect on academic alienation with the mediating role of basic psychological needs among students of the first year of high school in Lorestan province?"
Theoretical framework
School culture
School culture is a complex concept that includes values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors that shape how people interact and communicate in an educational environment. School culture is common assumptions, beliefs and values that are the basis of people's behavior in a school. A positive school culture is characterized by shared values, high expectations, and a focus on continuous improvement; while a negative school culture is associated with low expectations, pessimism about the future, and lack of trust (Dawkins et al., 2021).
Basic psychological needs
Self-determination theory is a macro-level theory that explains aspects of human motivation, behavior, well-being and psychological adjustment. This theory generally deals with the factors that facilitate or hinder self-actualization in humans. According to self-determination theory, people have an innate desire for growth and integration. The desire to explore the environment, curiosity and pursuing inherently challenging and satisfying activities are manifestations of this desire. The basis of the theory of self-determination is the basic needs, which are considered as the necessary energy to help active involvement with the environment, healthy psychological functioning, development of skills and healthy growth. These needs exist naturally in all humans. This theory postulates that the fulfillment of basic needs is necessary for effective internalization of behaviors, psychological development, motivation, and well-being (Mirzaei Fandokht et al, 2020).
Academic alienation
Alienation is not a new concept, and education experts, managers and school staff are aware of the existence of alienated students in their schools and classrooms. These students show different behaviors; for example, some of them are sitting in class and just staring at the teacher. They insult the teachers, disrupt the class; and when these behaviors exceed their limits, they leave the school. Some of these students leave school for a while, and others withdraw from school forever. These teenagers are alienated from the system whose main purpose is their education. Therefore, according to these contents, it is necessary that education professionals, families and school staff gain deep knowledge about the concept of alienation and then be able to take measures to reduce it (Amani Sari Baglo et al, 2014).
Trivedi & Prakasha (2021) conducted a study titled "The effect of school culture on students' alienation". The statistical population of the research included students aged 18 to 22 from one of the top universities in India. The results of the research showed that school culture has a negative and significant effect on students' academic alienation.
Schmid et al, (2021) conducted a study titled "Relationship between school's social culture and academic alienation". The statistical population of the research included 7th grade students of the canton of Bern, Switzerland. The results of correlation analysis and multiple regression showed that there is a significant relationship between the positive and relatively strong student-teacher and student-student relationship with the reduction of students' academic alienation.
Research methodology
The research method is descriptive-correlative in nature and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all the students of the first year of high school in Lorestan province, of which 400 statistical samples were selected using the multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were three standard questionnaires: Alessandro and Sade's(1997) school culture, Laguardia et al.'s (2000) basic psychological needs, and Dillon and Groat's (1976) academic alienation.
Research findings
Research data were analyzed after collection using Lisrel and SPSS statistical software. The results showed that the direct effect of school culture and basic psychological needs on students' academic alienation was negative and significant. The effect of school culture on students' psychological needs was positive and significant, and the effect of school culture on students' academic alienation was positive and significant with the mediating role of basic psychological needs.
Conclusion
The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the relationship between school culture and basic psychological needs with academic alienation. This finding is consistent with the research results of Buzzai et al, (2022), Eghdami & Yousefi (2018), Mirzaei Fandokht et al, (2020), Akour (2006), Srite et al, (2008), Hascher & Hagen aver (2010), Amani sari-Beglou(2012), Sadeghi et al, (2013), Mahmoudi et al, (2015), Visani et al, (2012), Amani sari-Beglou (2012), Birami et al, (2014), and Galavandi (2012). In explaining these findings, it can be said that the sense of coherence with the school environment and the internalization of its rules and norms are among the factors that increase students' interest in school and prevent their alienation; because a person feels alienated when he cannot create a strong and stable relationship to his surroundings. Therefore, when the school culture is in an unfavorable situation, such a culture is not able to facilitate the formation of friendly and strong relationships between the members and also help to keep these relationships stable. In such a situation, the feeling of social cohesion among people is weakened and the phenomenon of academic alienation among students appears. The less students experience the fulfillment of their three basic psychological needs, i.e., autonomy, competence, and connection, in the school environment, the more they will feel academic alienation. Students will perceive their alienation as a feeling of helplessness and lack of influence on the environment, a sense of meaninglessness, which means that studying has no special meaning and value for them, and a feeling that they are separated from school members.
According to the findings of the research for the applicability of the results in educational and training environments, the following practical suggestions are provided.
Teachers in the school environment should try not to differentiate between students and pay attention to all of them and treat all students equally.
The underlying factors of tension and differences between students are identified by school administrators and counselors, and measures are taken to resolve them through group and individual counseling.
Administrators should try to provide the facilities in the school equally to the students and not to provide these facilities only to the strong students; because this further isolates the weaker students.
management
Vahid Pourshahabi
Abstract
Abstract
This research was done with the aim of providing a systematic model of employee training using artificial intelligence. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical community in the qualitative section includes an unlimited number of experts ...
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Abstract
This research was done with the aim of providing a systematic model of employee training using artificial intelligence. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical community in the qualitative section includes an unlimited number of experts familiar with the subject, and the statistical sample in this section is 20 people selected by the snowball method. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes all the specialists and experts related to the research subject in an unlimited number, of which 384 people were selected as a sample by a simple random method. Researcher-made questionnaires with confirmed validity and reliability were used to collect the data of this research. Data analysis in this research was done at two levels of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. To complete the Delphi process in this research, Kendall's coefficient was used with the help of SPSS software. In order to test the research model, structural equation technique was used through Smart-PLS statistical software, and the results show the appropriate fit of the model. The findings of the research show that the inputs of the model include 1- educational data, 2- personal information, 3- educational needs, 4- user feedback, and 5- data of the work environment. The model process also includes 1- determining the needs and goals, 2- collecting data, 3- pre-processing the data, 4- training the artificial intelligence model, 5- evaluating and improving the model, 6- implementing and deploying, and 7- monitoring and updating. Finally, the outputs of the model include 1- individual feedback, 2- educational suggestions, 3- monitoring and follow-up, and 4- support and guidance.
Extended abstract
Introduction
In 1950, Alan Turing, an English mathematician, wrote an article entitled "Computing Machines and Intelligence" and posed the question: "Can machines think?" This led to further exploration of the use of machines to support human decision-making, with the formation of a workshop in 1956. The workshop was organized by John McCarthy, an American mathematician, who focused on the "study of artificial intelligence" (Frehywot, 2023). As science and technology advance, since 2013, when Frye and Osborne estimated that nearly half of US jobs are at risk of high automation, AI has been at the top of policymakers' agendas, and now the consensus is that AI creates fundamental changes in the labor market. With the use of artificial intelligence, many skills that were important in the past become automated; many jobs are also obsolete or transformed; and artificial intelligence is increasingly used (Tuomi, 2018).
Artificial intelligence includes various related technologies, often supported by machine learning algorithms, whereby it achieves set goals through supervision (human-guided) or unsupervised (autonomous machine) (Walsh et al., 2019). Today, most experts believe that the implementation of smart technology will dynamically transform work environments. There are applications of artificial intelligence in all industries and professions, and human resource management is no exception to this rule. Therefore, for the organization to remain relevant and maintain its competitive advantage, it is necessary to adopt new technological developments (Kaushal et al., 2023). Today, the surprising speed of innovation in business processes and technology requires that the employees of organizations continuously acquire new skills and be able to adapt to changing practices. Thus, educational needs become more personalized (Ford et al., 2017). Employee skill development was once done entirely by on-the-job supervisors; but now with the increasing demand for new skills, technological advances have enabled training and development on mobile platforms, such as smartphones and laptops (Maity, 2019). Artificial intelligence should be applied to organizational learning to help companies solve their training challenges. When recruiting and hiring new employees, the main challenge is to quickly and effectively make them fully aware of and understand the organization's internal policies and procedures. Machine learning features have been incorporated into various HR software systems to facilitate greater efficiency (Iqbal, 2018). Even more comprehensively, the use of various artificial intelligence technologies can help companies develop a learning organizational culture and avoid the common training design model based on traditional competency model analysis (Chen, 2023). According to the above, considering the development of digital technology, especially artificial intelligence, and the increasing demand for personalized training, the past training methods are no longer able to meet personal needs, and the adoption of artificial intelligence-based training can effectively fill the shortage of personalized training. Therefore, the main question that the researcher seeks to answer in this research is: "What is the system model of employee training using artificial intelligence?"
Theoretical foundations
Artificial intelligence is often defined as a computer system with the ability to perform tasks normally associated with intelligent beings. The first explicit definition of artificial intelligence came in a funding proposal to the Rockefeller Foundation in 1955. This definition states that "any aspect of learning or any other characteristic of intelligence can originally be described so sufficiently precise that a machine can be built to simulate it." This initial definition quickly led to deep discussions. In practice, the early developers of artificial intelligence interpreted intelligence and thinking as the mechanical processing of logical statements (Tuomi, 2018). In another definition, artificial intelligence is defined as "making a machine behave in a way that would be called intelligent if a human behaved." Although artificial intelligence was defined in 1955, it has recently gained worldwide recognition due to the technological revolution. Artificial intelligence is discussed as non-human intelligence designed to perform specific activities and tasks (Kaushal et al., 2023). McCarthy describes artificial intelligence as the science and engineering of building intelligent machines through algorithms or sets of rules, that the machine follows to mimic human cognitive functions, such as learning and problem-solving (Frehywot, 2023). This definition provides a combination of AI capabilities and what it is.
Human resource management has undergone an early revolution with the help of artificial intelligence, which has gradually affected human resource operations. These functions, which were already performed entirely by humans, are being recreated with the help of a computer assistant. HR functions such as performance appraisal, learning and development, and talent acquisition are some of the areas where artificial intelligence has been introduced (Kaushal et al., 2023). By means of a variety of artificial intelligence technologies, it can be more comprehensive to help companies to form a learning organization culture that uses the traditional instructional design model based on traditional gap analysis. A customized curriculum can comprehensively test and locate staff levels through technical tools, and intelligently promote customized courses (Jia et al., 2018). In the process of education, AI technology can help learners automatically record learning data. Employees can simply enter learning objectives, archives and learn key points, and the course is automatically completed by the AI teacher (Jia et al., 2018).
Methodology
The current research is applicable in terms of its purpose. In terms of the method of data collection, it is descriptive-correlation in nature. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part is made up of experts related to management issues (human resource management and system design) with a master's degree or higher in Sistan and Baluchistan province. In the quantitative part, all the employees of the departments of Sistan and Baluchistan province who have a bachelor's degree or higher, formed the statistical population of this research. The statistical population is considered unlimited in both qualitative and quantitative sections. Therefore, the sample size in the qualitative section is considered to be 20 people, selected by snowball method. In the quantitative part, Cochran's formula was used for unlimited communities with an error level of five percent, and the sample size of 384 people was determined and selected by simple random method. The tool of data collection in this research was researcher-made questionnaires. SPSS and Smart-PLS statistical software were used to analyze the data of this research.
Findings
The value of Cronbach's alpha for all variables of the research questionnaire is more than 0.7. Therefore, the research questionnaire has acceptable reliability. Also, the composite reliability value of all variables is higher than 0.7, which indicates the internal consistency of the reflective measurement model. All values related to convergent validity are also above 0.5, which indicates the similarity or internal validity of the reflective measurement model. Also, the reliability of the data collection tool and the quality of the reflective measurement model have also been confirmed.
Conclusion
Considering the importance and necessity of organizations to use artificial intelligence in the process of human resources management, a model for training employees using artificial intelligence was presented in this research, which has three parts according to the system mode: input, process and output. Model inputs include 1- educational data, 2- personal information, 3- educational needs, 4- user feedback, and 5- workplace data. The process of the model includes 1- determining the needs and goals, 2- collecting data, 3- pre-processing the data, 4- training the artificial intelligence model, 5- evaluating and improving the model, 6- implementing and deploying, and 7- monitoring and updating. The outputs of the model include 1- individual feedback, 2- educational suggestions, 3- monitoring and follow-up, and 4- support and guidance.
Education Management
Saman Mohammadi; Tayyebe Hatami; fatemeh bagherabadi
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of cloud-based accounting education and the academic performance of students. The method of design is quantitative and the type is descriptive - survey. In order to carry out this research, a questionnaire designed by Omar ...
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of cloud-based accounting education and the academic performance of students. The method of design is quantitative and the type is descriptive - survey. In order to carry out this research, a questionnaire designed by Omar Akbal Tofiq in 2022 was used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by content validity using experts' opinions. The reliability of the constructs was assessed through three methods; Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability of each structure, and factor loadings of each item. The statistical population of this research is the students of accounting. For the distribution of the questionnaire according to the similarity of environmental conditions and facilities, universities of the west of Iran including Razi University of Kermanshah, Ilam, and Kurdistan were studied. 92 acceptable responses were received and analyzed from the questionnaire distributed by random sampling method. SMART PLS software has been used to analyze the data. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of adoption of cloud computing methods in the education of accounting courses and its effectiveness in education programs by the students of universities of Iran by applying the influence of external variables, i.e., human factors, economic and technological factors, and cultural and social factors on the development of cloud accounting education and academic performance of students. The results indicate that human, economic, and cultural factors have a significant positive effect on the development of cloud-based accounting education and student's academic performance.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Today, changes and evolution in information technology are constantly determining changes in the field of higher education worldwide. Effective integration of technology in higher education is increasing to provide qualitative education and preparation of students and teachers to face the 21st century and fully familiarity with evolving technologies (Suzianti & Paramadin, 2021; Yukefallah et al., 2021). This will reduce classroom constraints, and students have more opportunities to communicate with each other. E-learning can have an effective and significant impact on academic performance, achievement, and level of student satisfaction with traditional classroom education, which is one of the most appropriate strategies for optimal use of online (virtual) cloud computing education services. In 2020, the sudden outbreak of Covid-19 surprised people all over the world. During the Corona epidemic, 1.5 billion students in 188 countries had their schools closed. Many countries were forced to adopt online education to ensure continuity of learning when social distancing was unavoidable (McBurnie et al., 2020; Reimers & Scheicher, 2020). Hence, in this situation, virtual education is considered the main strategy for continuing the education of students and a way to prevent the spread of disease and the gap in education in universities and educational centers (Huang et al., 2020). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the education of cloud accounting and its reflection on the academic performance of accounting students in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. The importance of this research arises from the fact that it can identify the factors affecting the development of cloud accounting education that promotes successful usage of online learning systems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, this research provides practical insights into the adoption and use of online learning systems in developing countries such as Iran.
Theoretical Framework
Since in recent years, the use of information and communication technologies has been widely used in organizations, departments, and universities and has presented a wide range of benefits for organizations, especially universities in the e-learning sector; identifying and prioritizing the factors affecting the creation and development of e-learning in universities is of great importance (Bahari & Moody, 2021). Several indices such as infrastructural factors (hardware, software), human, economic, and cultural factors are more effective in the creation, development, and application of this teaching method. Remote education is a new and successful educational method; in order to achieve its high goals, it is necessary to continue, time and improve access to computers and the internet in the whole of society, and also it is necessary that education with short-term planning strengthens the skills of teachers and students in using their programs and media that do not have problems such as unfamiliar with new software. Therefore, these skills improve students' educational performance. E-learning in comparison with traditional teaching has major advantages such as flexibility and elimination of unnecessary and costly movements to participate in training courses. E-learning is also independent of time and space variables (Sahbeigi & Nazari, 2012). The results of several studies (Devi, Ratnoo and Bajaj, 2022; Njugunna, 2021) show that the economic variables of students such as social class, place of residence, and occupation of parents affect their academic performance (Omer & Mohmood, 2018). Cultural and social factors are shared values, norms, and attitudes among people that constitute the beliefs of a society (Apsalone & Sumilo, 2015). Culture is one of the important factors that seem to influence the public acceptance of e-learning services in developing countries (Alajmi et al., 2017). According to Elizabeth brown and Hocutt (2017) cloud-based technologies and services such as Google Drive and Google Apps, which are used in the cloud-based collaborative environment, provide new opportunities for integration between shared platforms and student interaction, and students can interact with teachers and classmates (Huang et al., 2016).
Research method
This research is a descriptive type, and applicable in terms of purpose, and the type of data in this research for questions test is quantitative. In this research, an electronic questionnaire designed by Omar Akbal Tofiq in 2022 was used to collect data. To examine the theoretical model, a survey with two parts is used. The first part includes demographic questions about students, and the second part includes questions for measuring the structure of models. Each section of the structure is measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The statistical population of the study included all students of accounting. According to the establishment of similar conditions for access to students, understanding the research topic, and finally usable results of analysis, the information of universities of west part of the country including the Razi University of Kermanshah, Ilam, and Kurdistan, which are similar in terms of facilities and environmental conditions, were selected, and finally, after distributing the questionnaire (in person and internet) and using simple random sampling, 92 acceptable answers were collected and analyzed. Smart pls is used to analyze the data.
Conclusion
This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting the development of cloud-based accounting education and the academic performance of students in Iran. According to the results, human factors; economic and technological factors; and cultural and social factors have positive effects on students' educational performance and the development of cloud-based accounting education. The findings of the research showed that integration of cloud computing technology in the educational environment provides new opportunities that improve teaching and learning, and help the students' self-learning and motivate them to learn by providing flexibility, Students during the learning process will interact with each other, leading to the exchange of knowledge, increasing participation, and improving the educational results, which is consistent with the findings of Musyaffi et. al. (2022). Skill problems and teachers' lack of conformity with online education and lack of familiarity with the virtual environment and its structure, difficulty in evaluating the quality of learning of learners, teachers' resistance to enter the age of technology and change of traditional evaluation methods and finally, increasing the teachers' working hours at the beginning of covid-19 pandemic was observed; therefore, accounting professors and students acquire the necessary skills to use educational tools, devices and systems, hardware and software by passing of time and the movement of education from traditional to online education, which is, as a result, necessary to acquire the skills to use Cloud space and equipment needed for both professors and students to use online teaching, which is in agreement with the results of Atanda Balogun et. al. (2023); Wagiran et. al. (2022); and Khan Al-Badi (2022). In this regard, according to the results of the study, it is suggested that university professors have received training for the use of educational technology and virtual learning methods that can improve the quality of virtual education. This training can include applicable methods for virtual learning, how to use instructional and communication tools, and virtual class management. Also, the production and presentation of high and diverse educational resources and content can help students gain the best results in virtual education programs. The selection of educational resources is also important due to students' needs and variety of educational methods. In addition, using new technologies such as virtual reality, artificial intelligence, and gamification in virtual education programs can provide more attractive and useful methods for students.
management
Morteza Ashourzadeh; Musa Rezvani Chaman Zamin; Hamidreza Rezaei Kelidbari; Badri Abbasi
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a model for evaluating the performance of human resources with a value-based approach in the higher education system in the Azad University of Gilan province. The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and an exploratory research. The statistical ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to design a model for evaluating the performance of human resources with a value-based approach in the higher education system in the Azad University of Gilan province. The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and an exploratory research. The statistical population of the research includes all faculty members of Islamic Azad University units in Gilan province in the academic year 2022-2023. 395 people were selected as a sample by using the method of determining the sample size from Tabachnik and Fidel's formula. Sampling method was cluster, and simple random sampling method was used in the clusters. The tool for collecting data is a questionnaire made by the researcher and derived from the qualitative method. SPSS software was used for data analysis in the present study, and AMOS was used for structural equations. The results showed that the identified components and indicators have an impact on evaluating the performance of human resources with a value-based approach in the higher education system. The results obtained from the structural equations also showed that the research model is a good model in terms of fit with the data.
Extended abstract
Introduction
The performance of employees is one of the most important influencing and determining elements in the performance of the organization and improving its credibility (Anesukanjanakul et al, 2019). The importance of employee performance has increased over the past several years and has become the first important variable in any organization (Khtatbeh et al, 2020). Universities, as organizations that pursue both the training of specialized human resources and the production of science, should pay more attention to the evaluation of the performance of their faculty members than any other organization. Because evaluating the performance of faculty members, in addition to determining their strengths and weaknesses, leads to the development of science and the realization of the university's goals. Since the educational activities of the faculty members pursue different goals; the patterns and evaluation criteria of educational success are also diverse. Despite the variety of existing evaluation models, none of them are used to evaluate the performance of faculty members in different situations; they are not useful and completely appropriate (Khedevi & Al Hordi Khan Waziri, 2015).
Based on this, the current research is looking for an answer to this question: What is the evaluation model of human resource performance with a value-based approach in the higher education system in Azad University of Gilan province?
Theoretical Framework
Human resource performance
Performance means accomplishing the tasks assigned to human resources by the organization. In other words, it refers to the result or effect of individual activities in a certain period. Employee performance can be defined as employee behaviors or actions that are related to organizational goals and is a measurable and important outcome in work-related studies. Employees who perform better consider expressing their opinion as one of their job responsibilities, and the level of employee performance has a positive relationship with the continuation of their opinion expression (Farhadinejad et al, 2020).
Human resource performance evaluation
Performance evaluation in management is one of the effective tools that, with its correct application, not only are the goals and missions of the organization realized with optimal efficiency, but also the real benefits of employees and society are provided. This can clarify the job promotion path and identify the training needs of employees; or identify inefficient people and change the way they are managed (Raofi Kalachaye et al, 2020).
Value-based performance evaluation
It is not possible to plan and make cultural and social policies without knowing the system of values and factors related to it. Regarding the mission of the universities, UNESCO emphasizes that the universities are committed to always make a diligent and persistent effort to spread the culture of monotheism, love and brotherhood, social order and work conscience, sensitivity and social commitment, and individual national values. In the new era, the function of universities is not limited to education, research, entrepreneurship and the like; rather, in the role of an epistemic base, they deal with the creation of new culture and civilization. Today, every university in the light of its own organizational culture follows specific values to provide its specific functions (Zulfiqarzadeh, & Saadabadi Arani, 2015).
Amiri Ghale Rashidi & Razaghi Kashani (2023) investigated the pathology of the employee performance evaluation model and the effective implementation of this model. The findings were categorized into three themes: evaluation results, personal and behavioral growth and development, and executive and performance problems. The findings show that indicators inconsistent with the position, managers' indifference to evaluation, lack of awareness of evaluation errors, and the interference of personal judgments are the main concerns of this field, which require serious attention. The obtained result shows that employee performance evaluation is one of the effective tools in human resource management, with its correct application; not only are the goals and missions of the organization realized with optimal efficiency, but also the real interests of the organization and employees and, consequently, the interests of the society as well, is provided
Parnian et al, (2020) in their research identified the components of the value system of Islamic Azad University faculty members in academic culture. The variables of the study included: benevolence values, moral values, social values, safety values, material values, scientific values, instrumental values, and ultimate values. The results of the research indicated the presence of favorable variables in the value system of Islamic Azad University faculty members.
Research methodology
The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and exploratory research in terms of nature and method. The statistical population of the research includes 395 faculty members of Islamic Azad University units in Gilan province in the academic year 2022-2023, who form the main axis and focus of the study. To select the samples, the cluster sampling method was used and in the middle of the clusters, the simple random sampling method was used. The research tool in the quantitative part is a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative method.
Research findings
SPSS software was used for data analysis. Then AMOS software was used to fit the conceptual model of the research. The results showed that the identified components and indicators have an impact on evaluating the performance of human resources with a value-based approach in the higher education system. The results obtained from the structural equations also showed that the research model is a good model in terms of fit with the data.
Conclusion
The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a model for evaluating the performance of human resources with a value-based approach in the higher education system at the Azad University of Gilan province. This result is in agreement with the research results of Amiri Ghale Rashidi & Razaghi Kashani (2023), Imani et al, (2021), Samoui & Sattari (2021), Parnian et al, (2020), Reofi Kalachaye et al, (2020), Hajhoseini et al, (2020), Karimi et al, (2020), Mohammadi et al, (2015), Khedevi & Al Hordi Khan Waziri (2015). Shakozaei et al, (2018), Aghamolaei & Abedini (2014). In order to increase their organizational capability, universities must learn to work successfully in an environment full of permanent mergers, rapid technological advances, extensive social changes, and increasing competition. To adapt to new changes, an organization must emerge that fits the new conditions and provides the basis for the growth and excellence of the organization, among the most successful of these organizations, were the learning organizations. Since universities and higher education centers are institutions that must be at least one step ahead of other institutions in terms of knowledge, science, techniques and behavioral patterns, and considering the role of universities in responding to social and global needs and expectations, it is required that higher education and educational organizations continuously improve the quality of their processes and activities
According to the results obtained from the research, it is suggested:
The results of the current research showed that interdisciplinary thinking is of high importance compared to other values, so it is suggested that universities provide opportunities for various interdisciplinary activities by encouraging, investing and spending time, and such opportunities in Curricula and extracurricular activities should be included in different academic levels, and of course, the culmination of these programs should be the cultivation of interdisciplinary thinking.
Another value that was of great importance in this research is the value of job liquidity. Therefore, it is suggested that university faculty members should develop the principles of professional criticism by increasing their skills such as increasing self-confidence, extensive communication with people, more power in confronting with problems, and learning the latest ideas, in order to reduce tensions and job wear and tear in the workplace; and as a result, human resource performance will be more effective.
management
Mohammad Shaaf Amal; Ahmad Vedadi; Mehdi Tavakoli; Daryoosh Gholamzadeh
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to provide a model of the factors of leaving the service of the elites in Iran's continental shelf oil company. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, descriptive-survey type. This research is also ...
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The aim of the current research is to provide a model of the factors of leaving the service of the elites in Iran's continental shelf oil company. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, descriptive-survey type. This research is also thematic analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 12 managers of Continental Plateau Oil Company and universities, and the purposeful sampling method was used. Also, in order to collect data, using the content analysis of related backgrounds and the library method, indicators were extracted, and the research model was extracted through three-step coding. According to the analysis that has been carried out using thematic analysis method to determine the factors of leaving the service of the elites in Continental Plateau Oil Company of Iran, 47 indicators (items), 8 components and 3 dimensions have been identified and confirmed. The results showed that the factors of leaving the service of elites include three organizational dimensions (job nature, management, organizational culture), individual (motivation, demographic characteristics, psychological factors) and environmental (laws and regulations, environmental pressures).
