Education Management
Masoud Taghiani; masoumeh oladiyan; Mahmoud Safari
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of school-centered management on Islamic-Iranian values. The research method is practical in terms of purpose, and qualitative in terms of implementation, and descriptive type and thematic analysis. The ...
Read More
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of school-centered management on Islamic-Iranian values. The research method is practical in terms of purpose, and qualitative in terms of implementation, and descriptive type and thematic analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 19 university professors in the academic year of 2021-2022 in addition to experienced officials of the Education and Training. Sampling method in this research was non-random, purposed for selection of the interviewees, and based on the entrance criteria in the research. Data analysis was done using MAXQDA software. According to the analysis that was carried out using thematic analysis method to determine the dimensions, components and indicators of school-centered management on Islamic-Iranian values, 3 dimensions, 9 components, and 67 indicators were identified and confirmed. The dimensions of school-based management include the individual dimension (mental states, communication, and knowledge development), educational dimension (management skills, educational atmosphere, and informal program), and managerial dimension (professional management knowledge, professional attitude, professional skill). Also, the results showed that school-based management had a favorable situation in all the indicators mentioned in the evaluation.
Extended abstract
Introduction
In today's world, it is certain that for fundamental changes in an organization, managers of organizations must become effective leaders because leadership has significant capacities to create change; leadership includes a wide range of methods to maximize the potential of human capital to achieve Organizational goals which can be called organizational success. Leadership is considered very important because the success or failure of any organization is attributed to the leadership style of the person or group of people who direct the activities of the organization (Kuroda, 2022). Schools are not exempted from this rule, because they are small organizations in a subset of the big institution of education. Therefore, special attention should be paid to various factors such as leadership, management, teacher and student, etc. The philosophy of education, which is an important part of educational sciences and is mainly theoretical and philosophical, has a long history and has undergone various changes since a long time ago. On the other hand, familiarity with ancient and contemporary philosophical ideas of education and training, their review, analysis and criticism is essential for an education thinker and trainer; because it can be a prelude to formulating an education system based on the ideology of school management based on school-centered management and reaching an empowering school (Ishida & Okitsu, 2022).Achieving excellence in schools requires strong school-centered management. This type of management, by providing educational decision-making areas in the school, can effectively use the limited resources of the school and strengthen local participation in the administration of affairs, and people can use more of their energy to improve and develop the school and finally their society and cause innovation and creativity in its performance.In school-oriented management, which has participatory decision-making and its main goal is to improve school performance and improve educational quality in order to improve students' education, the following results will be achieved (Ulfatin et al, 2022).Therefore, the researcher asked the main question: what are the dimensions, components and indicators of school-centered management on Islamic-Iranian values?
Theoretical Framework
School-centered management means the restructuring of the education system in order to increase flexibility, lack of concentration and delegation of authority to schools, in such a way that by bringing the place of decision-making closer to the place of its implementation and making decisions in a group manner and seeking participation by those who have the most information about the needs of the school and the conditions governing it and are more affected by the results of education than anyone else (including parents, students, teachers, staff members, interest groups of the society, including industrial owners, National Organization, etc.) and causes the independence, responsibility and accountability of the school to increase, as well as to improve the quality and effectiveness of education (Noruznezhad et al, 2019).
Calliba (2022) conducted a research titled self-efficacy, working conditions, school-oriented management practices and teachers' performance. The results of the research showed that school-based management methods affect self-efficacy, improving teachers' working conditions, and ultimately teachers' performance.
Barrera et al, (2022) conducted a research titled structural equation model of school-oriented management practices and teachers' commitment in secondary schools. The results of the study showed that the implementation level of school-based management, according to the categories of leadership and governance, curriculum and learning, accountability and continuous improvement, and resource management, is fully implemented in public secondary schools of the sector.
Research Methodology
This research is applicable in terms of purpose, qualitative in terms of data collection method, and thematic analysis research in terms of research implementation. The statistical population of the research includes 19 people in two groups: a) university professors in 2021-2022 b) officials with experience in education. Sampling method in this non-random, purposeful research was used to select the interviewees based on the entrance criteria. After analyzing the interviews, a total of 3 dimensions, 9 components and 67 indicators were identified in line with the research objectives.
Research findings
Data analysis was done using MAXQDA software. Based on the obtained results and according to the qualitative analysis, a total of 3 dimensions, 9 components and 67 indicators have been identified and confirmed. It includes individual (mental states, communication, knowledge development), educational (management skills, educational atmosphere, informal program), and managerial (professional knowledge of management, professional attitude, professional skills). School-based management had a favorable situation in all the indicators mentioned in the evaluation. In this research, a model was drawn based on theoretical foundations, opinions of experts, and the statistical community, which had good validity.
Conclusion
The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the dimensions, components and indicators of school-centered management on Islamic-Iranian values. The results of this research are in agreement with the results of Ghoraishi & Lashgari (2022), Torani & Hoseinpour (2020), Afista & Bakar (2021), Shibuya (2020), Legistia (2019), Koc & Bastas (2019), Askari & Abdollahi (2020). Regarding this finding, Ghoraishi & Lashgari (2022) showed that school-centered management has been mainly used in interaction with the concepts of "school-centered management, decentralization, management, leadership, school autonomy, responsibility, school principal, participation, school governance, teachers".
According to the results obtained in three dimensions, the following suggestions are presented:
Individual dimension: hiring and employing managers who are patient, ethical, professional and self-efficient. Strengthening interpersonal communication based on Iranian Islamic values by using religious and ritual ceremonies held in the school. Flexibility in behavior based on Iranian Islamic values and assessment of this flexibility by education inspectors. Creating opportunities for growth based on Iranian Islamic values by using outsourcing mechanisms and using prominent professors based on students' needs for changes.
Educational dimension: creating educational and training situations based on Iranian Islamic values by using scientific and cultural events and supporting them in school. Creating a competitive atmosphere based on Iranian Islamic values among students by holding healthy competitions in order to empower students. Encouraging socialization in school and encouraging students to participate by using a team approach and grouping students to present assignments in a collaborative way.
Management dimension: Mastering the subject knowledge of management by participating in effective Islamic management courses in school. Complete familiarization with the goals of the school based on Iranian Islamic values by reviewing the fundamental transformation document and the unique needs of the region and the school under management. Awareness of professional knowledge and participation in professional qualification courses.
forouzan sharifi; haideh ashouri
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of identity and academic well-being and their role in reducing academic procrastination of students. The research method was descriptive-correlative in nature, and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was made ...
Read More
The purpose of this research is to investigate the level of identity and academic well-being and their role in reducing academic procrastination of students. The research method was descriptive-correlative in nature, and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the research was made up of 6225 secondary school students of Ramsar city. The sample size of the research was 188 people, which was obtained by random cluster sampling. In order to collect data, the standard questionnaires of academic identity by Vaz and Isaacson (2008), academic well-being by Pieternin et al. (2014) and academic procrastination by Sulmon and Rothblum (1989) were used. Their validity was confirmed by academic experts and their reliability was also confirmed through Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. In order to analyze the data, the structural equation technique was used, accompanied by Lisrel statistical software and Spss statistical software. The research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic identity and academic well-being. There is a negative and significant relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination. There is a negative and significant relationship between academic well-being and academic procrastination. The results of the research indicate that academic well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination of students. On the other hand, the component of successful identity has had the greatest impact on academic well-being and academic procrastination of students.Extended AbstractIntroductionResearchers pointed that when people consider their duties unpleasant, attempt procrastination. Since academic procrastination includes postponing a lesson until the night before test, which ultimately leads to the academic failure, it is probable to be in relation with the other inabilities in learning in students (Moradi et al, 2016). Academic well-being is one of important and effective variables in academic performance. It is derived from the theoretical basis of positive-view psychology, and those who behave depressively and have negative emotions such as anger, distress, and grief more than others are subject to the academic failure and leaving the school(jahani et al, 2018).Findlow (2012) considers the academic identity as the most important factor in academic performance and motivation to advance. Academic identity can be considered as an effective individual factor in occurrence of academic procrastination (Samimi et al, 2017). Academic identity is the process of everybody's sensible respond to his/her academic situation; whether he/she should study or not? Which way he/she should take, and thus search for his/her academic identity. If such an identity in a person, there will be some sense for movement and success in different aspects of education (Tran et al, 2017).According to the mentioned materials, the main discussion of this research is that if there is any relationship between the academic identity and academic procrastination of the students along with emphasize on the moderating role of academic well-being of the high school students in Ramsar city.Theoretical FrameworkAcademic procrastination is one of the behavioral problems that has a very high prevalence and is one of the variables related to the academic status of students. Procrastination is described as a lack of self-regulation and the tendency to delay what is necessary to achieve a goal. One of the manifestations of procrastination is the emergence of the characteristic or attribute of procrastination in school environments, which is called academic procrastination (Ghadampour et al. et al., 2020).Academic identity is a reflection of the types of competences, autonomy, purposefulness, efficacy beliefs, and the experience of common emotions that teenagers have in classrooms with their peers and teachers, and its characteristic is how to act in academic fields (Frick & Brodin, 2020).The academic well-being of students depends on their overall satisfaction with the level of fulfillment of their expectations (Davoodi Beilandi, 2017). Degarmo & Martinez (2006) consider academic well-being to have components such as the ability to do school assignments, satisfaction with education, and academic enthusiasm (Hietajärvi et al, 2019).(Rashvandi & Ashouri, 2022) investigated the relationship between information literacy and teaching quality of teachers with academic well-being with the moderating role of students' study strategies. The research findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between teachers' information literacy and students' academic well-being. There is a positive and significant relationship between the quality of teachers' teaching and students' academic well-being. There is a positive and significant relationship between teachers' information literacy and students' academic well-being with the moderating role of study strategies.Shalian (2021) in a research investigated the relationship between teachers' communication skills and students' academic well-being, emphasizing the mediating role of academic adjustment in first secondary girls' schools of Kashmer city. The results of the research indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between teachers' communication skills and students' academic adjustment and academic well-being. There is a positive and significant relationship between students' academic adjustment and their academic well-being.MethodologyThe research method is descriptive-correlative in nature and applicable in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research included secondary school students of Ramsar city in the academic year of 2001-2014, with the number of 6225 people. In order to determine the size of the statistical sample, due to the large size of the statistical population, two schools were randomly selected and one class was selected from each school, which includes seventh to twelfth grade classes. A total of 12 classrooms were selected with a total of 188 students. To collect data related to the academic identity variable the questionnaire of Vaz & Izakson, (2009) with 40 questions; for academic well-being variable the questionnaire of Piternin et al, (2014) with 11 questions; and for academic procrastination variable the questionnaire of Solmon & Rasblom, (1989) with 15 questions were used; based on a 5-point Likert scale (completely agree to completely disagree). Discussion and ResultsSPSS and LISREL software were used to investigate the research hypothesis and analyze the data, and the results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between academic identity and academic well-being, and there is a negative and significant relationship between academic well-being and academic procrastination, and There is a negative and significant relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination, and academic well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination.ConclusionThe current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the level of identity and academic well-being and their role in reducing academic procrastination of students. There is a positive and significant relationship between academic identity and academic well-being. Students are trying to get the best grades for studying and their planned goals. They are not worried about their lessons because they study it at home after every class teaching and they are trying to do their best in the classroom (Dugas et al, 2020). There is a negative and significant relationship between academic well-being and academic procrastination. In the explanation of this finding, it can be said that students who only dream about getting their grades procrastinate and refuse to do their homework. There is a negative and significant relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination. We can point to two factors, one is the difference in the tools used and the other is the role of the goals of the country's education system and public culture in the field of paying attention to emotions and feelings (Flecknoe et al, 2017). Academic well-being plays a mediating role in the relationship between academic identity and academic procrastination. Students who do not have a correct and stable academic identity do not have the necessary concentration when doing school assignments, and are always nervous and hot-tempered. They will quickly become nervous and upset when dealing with problems and lose the power of thinking. These findings are consistent with the results of Was et al, (2018), Ozer & Akgun, (2018), Komarraju & Dial, (2019), Rashvandi & Ashouri, (2022), (Rahimi & Farhadi, 2017), and (Luzón, 2018).According to the present research, it is suggested that the trainings appropriate to the conditions of the development of processes or new services for students should be taken into consideration, it also suggested the use of advanced and modern structures such as team structures in different parts of the school for the participation of teachers and administrators together to help each other during the time when people have problems in doing their organizational work. At the same time, the trustees of education, especially teachers and school counselors, should try to create a happy and positive environment in the school so that students experience more intimacy and by holding educational workshops based on positive psychology, they can institutionalize the concepts of academic well-being.