Original Article (Quantified)
management
Seyed Alireza Mirjafari; Abdul Khaliq Gholami Anarestan; Karam Elah Daneshfard
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in the model of high organizational commitment in government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and survey-exploratory in terms of the research ...
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Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the effective factors in the model of high organizational commitment in government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs. The current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and survey-exploratory in terms of the research implementation method; and it is specifically based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research includes managers and experts of government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs. 217 people were selected as a sample using the method of determining the sample size of Cochran's formula. The collection tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire. confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to confirm the final research model. SPSS software was used to analyze data from; and AMOS software was used to design the final research model. The findings of the research showed that the components of selection and recruitment, training, compensation, job conditions, and work conscience were effective in the final constructivism evaluation model and it shows the appropriate fit of the proposed model.
Extended abstract
Introduction
In today's competitive business environment, which is accompanied by a lot of change and turbulence, the problem of many organizations is not only having more experienced and smarter employees, but finding talented employees with motivation and a positive attitude and committed to work is a fundamental issue for the human resources department of any organization. Organizational commitment is one of the basic elements in achieving organizational goals, and having committed employees in any business will lead to significant results in achieving these goals (Riyanto et al, 2021). Therefore, it is very important to study what helps employees to achieve strong organizational commitment and create motivation, and to learn about the factors that involve and sustain organizational commitment in them (Mohseni & Mousavi, 2022). Organizational commitment is an important occupational and organizational attitude that, during the past years, has been of interest to many researchers in the fields of organizational behavior and psychology, especially social psychology. Organizational commitment is defined as accepting the organization's values and being involved in the organization, and its measurement criteria include the motivation and desire to continue working and accepting the organization's values. Commitment is a kind of support and emotional attachment to the goals and values of an organization, for the sake of the organization itself and away from its instrumental values (a means to achieve other goals) (Hassanian et al, 2022).
Therefore, the researcher tries to answer the question: what are the factors in the model of high organizational commitment in government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs?
Theoretical Framework
Organizational commitment is a kind of employee's feeling of attachment and loyalty to organizational work, and when his goal is in accordance with the goals of the organization, he is called committed to the organization (Tabli, Moradi Shahrabak, Irannejad Parizi, 2019). Employees who consider themselves incomplete for a job leave the organization and do not spend much time in the organization, and if they feel ethical behavior from the organization, they have less decision to leave the organization (Wong & Laschinger, 2015; Devi & Vijayakumar, 2015). Organizations can increase the organizational commitment of their employees in two ways. First, organizations can increase employees' understanding of organizational membership, and secondly, organizations can show employees that they are considered by managers, and this is important both theoretically and practically (Bakhtazmaybonab, Roshani, 2019). Organizational commitment can lead to an increase in productivity and a reduction in turnover and absenteeism of employees in the organization (Khan & Jan, 2015).
Van et al, (2022) investigated performance management and teacher performance: the role of emotional organizational commitment and burnout. The results showed that the perceived strength of a performance management process is negatively related to teacher burnout, while it is positively related to their performance. Furthermore, the relationship between perceived performance management process strength and teacher performance appears to be indirect, operating mainly through affective organizational commitment.
Peyman Niya (2022) investigated the effectiveness of the matrix model on job burnout and organizational commitment of the managers of Ahvaz electricity department. The results showed that the matrix model was effective in reducing job burnout and improving the organizational commitment of managers, so it is suggested to use this approach in organizations to reduce the job burnout of employees.
Methodology:
In terms of purpose, this research is practical, and in terms of research implementation method; survey-exploratory. The statistical population of the research includes managers and experts of government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs, which was considered as 396 people from the city of Tehran, and using the method of determining the sample size of Cochran's formula, 217 people were selected as a sample based on the formula Sampling calculated from the limited population, among which, as a sample, was distributed a researcher-made questionnaire prepared from the qualitative part of the research. This research was conducted in two research stages, the first stage is related to exploratory factor analysis and the second stage is questionnaire confirmation.
Discussion and Results:
SPSS and AMOS software were used for analysis. According to the results obtained in the selection and recruitment component, it shows that all factor loadings are higher than 0.3. According to the output of Imus, the calculated value of df/2x is 2.07; the presence of df/2x smaller than 5 indicates the appropriate fit of the model. According to the results obtained in the education component, all factor loadings are higher than 0.3. According to the output of Imus, the value of df/2x calculated is 1.80; the presence of df/2x smaller than 5 indicates the appropriate fit of the model. According to the results obtained in the service compensation component, all factor loadings are higher than 0.3. According to the output of Imus, the value of df/2x calculated is 1.54; the presence of df/2x smaller than 5 indicates the appropriate fit of the model. According to the results obtained in the job conditions variable, confirmatory factor analysis method was used. The numbers on the paths are factor loadings, all higher than 0.3. The findings related to the fit indices of job conditions indicate that the CFI, GFI, NFI, RMR and RMSEA indices have an acceptable level, and these good fit characteristics show that the data of this research fit the factor structure of this scale. According to the results in the work conscience variable, all factor loadings are higher than 0.3. The findings related to the outcome fit indices indicate that the CFI, GFI, NFI, RMR and RMSEA indices have an acceptable level and these good fit characteristics show that the data of this research has a good fit with the factor structure of this scale.
Conclusion:
The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effective factors in the model of high organizational commitment in government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs. The results of this research are consistent with the results of van et al, (2022), Hoseini Goke (2022), Klimchak (2020), Asgari et al, (2018), Salimzadeh (2017), and Ghaid Amini Harouni et al, (2017).
In the selection of research, inquiries, tests and interviews with applicants for employment or admission to universities or offices, as a result of these researches and interviews; the moral, religious and political competence of the applicant is examined, and people who do not have legal conditions are eliminated, and the recruitment leads to a contract between an employee and an employer. Training is one of the most important criteria effective on high commitment and improving productivity in government organizations. In fact, training improves and increases the commitment of employees. The administrative and management system plays a fundamental role in developing countries such as Iran due to the limitations caused by the lack of skilled human resources. Scholars and experts who have left the organizations have evaluated the current situation of the service compensation system in the mentioned organizations as lower than average, and in fact, they do not consider the current service compensation system in these organizations included in the minimum service compensation standard. When employees know that the training they received from the organization contributed to their professional success, they will appreciate their organization for having such a process. This kind of feeling of gratitude will increase the level of commitment of employees in the best way. A distinction must be made between work conscience and faith, because someone can be considerd without religious faith, but when a task is assigned to him, he does it well and correctly without needing external and physical control.
According to the present research, it is suggested that government organizations in charge of educational and cultural affairs pay more attention to the criteria of the proposed model, especially human resource management, and remind their employees of their importance by providing appropriate training, and consider complying with them by Organizations and their employees necessary, and try to promote them to increase productivity in the organization. It is suggested that managers pay attention to the transformational leadership style and its application in the university in their management. Through applying the transformational leadership style, they can influence the employees and motivate them to adapt to the changes and increase the level of commitment to change in the university.
Original Article (Mixed)
Education Management
Ali Oladhamzehzadeh; masoumeh oladiyan; Mahmoud Safari
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to design an educational model based on identity development with an Iranian-Islamic approach for elementary school students in district five of Tehran. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable, and in terms of its implementation, it is ...
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Abstract
The aim of the current research is to design an educational model based on identity development with an Iranian-Islamic approach for elementary school students in district five of Tehran. According to its purpose, the research method is applicable, and in terms of its implementation, it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 20 experts from the academic community and students' performance evaluation specialists, and in the quantitative section, it includes principals, assistants, teachers and staff of elementary schools in District five of Tehran. Collecting data in the qualitative part carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with members of the statistical population and using a purposeful sampling method through the snowball approach, and collecting data in the quantitative part through a researcher-made questionnaire with 217 members of the statistical population who were selected by random sampling. The open, axial and selective coding and MAXQDA software was used in the data analysis of the qualitative part, and SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software were used in the quantitative part, and the data was analyzed in the inferential analysis using the factor analysis method. The identified factors were extracted in the form of 9 dimensions and 61 components. The dimensions of the educational model based on the identity development of students with the Iranian-Islamic approach include educational goals and content, teaching and learning methods, instructors and teachers, cultural factors, social factors, psychological factors, media, educational factors, and family factors. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, all dimensions and components of the model were valid and the model has a good fit.
Extended abstract
Introduction
The recognition and credibility of each person is due to his identity and includes spiritual and material ties, which play a fundamental role in various national, religious, economic, social and cultural aspects of the people of a country (Akbari, 2020). Acquiring an individual's identity begins at birth and throughout human life and includes an inner feeling that creates integrity and continues in a person in such a way that he can communicate with his past with the help of it. Identification of people starts from adolescence and youth and continues until adulthood (Haghighat, 2018).
Islam has made the base of nature as the basis of its identity for humans; in the sense that man defines his identity in harmony with what is naturally entrusted to him; in Islam, according to the principle of nature, a human being is born in the beginning, while he actually has no understanding, no imagination, no recognition, and no human tendency; at the same time, he comes into the world with existential dimensions in addition to animal dimensions, which are the basis of second understanding. These are the dimensions that are gradually a series of abstract ideas and confirmations and in logical and philosophical terms are the main human thinking, and any logical thinking is impossible without them, and a series of Alevi tendencies arise in humans, and these are the dimensions that considers the main basis of identity and personality in human (Ghalamkarian et al, 2022).
Based on this, the researcher answers the main question that what the educational model based on the development of identity with the Iranian-Islamic approach for elementary school students in District five of Tehran is.
Theoretical Framework
Identity means "who to be" and comes from the natural human need to be recognized and introduced to something or somewhere. This sense of belonging has an inherent foundation in human existence. The fulfillment of this need causes individual "self-awareness" in humans, and the satisfaction of the sense of belonging among a human group determines the collective and common self-awareness or the native or national identity of that human group. Therefore, identity can be defined in individual and national terms.
The basis of human and national identity means having a common awareness and feeling of belonging to the land of literature, language, religion, past achievements and heritage (Mehrabi Koshki et al, 2016). In building national identity and changing its layers, endogenous political developments such as ideology, culture, thought, crisis and national security play a role in the identity of the Iranian people and the ruling system of the world. Due to its geographical location, the historical land of Iran has been the center of various cultures and civilizations, and this situation has become the basis for identity diversity in our country (Farzbod et al, 2018).
Tokoz Goktepe & Kunt (2021) investigated the barriers to creating a teacher's normative identity: a case study in Turkey. This study provides insight into the formation of a new teacher's professional identity when working in a conflict zone. Written narratives, informal interviews, observation notes, university supervisor observations, and a teaching notebook were used to examine developing professional identity. The findings suggest that, under extreme conditions, individuals may adapt and find ways to mitigate the effects of a challenging society and other disadvantages. Imagined identity can play a powerful role in mediating external problems created in identity development.
Rashedi et al, (2020) examined the views of experts regarding the factors affecting the formation of the Iranian-Islamic identity of young people based on their lived experience. In the process of text analysis and coding, 5 general concepts and 12 subcategories were counted. The findings of the research showed several concepts and categories, including individual factors (developmental tasks and self-confidence), family factors (family growth-oriented functioning, efficient family characteristics and dysfunctional relationships in the family), cultural factors (opportunities and threats of the educational system, and cultural facilitator factors), social factors (respect for subcultures and identity-building patterns), and political-economic factors (weakness of political trust and macrosystem support).
Research Methodology
This research is applicable in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of execution method. The statistical population in the qualitative section includes 20 experts from the university scientific community and students' performance evaluation experts. The statistical population in the quantitative section includes all principals, assistants, teachers and staff of elementary schools in district five of Tehran, who are employed in 2019 and their number is 500. In order to estimate the required sample size in the quantitative part of the research, Cochran's formula was used and 217 people were selected as a sample from all the employees and education managers of District five of Tehran and all elementary schools of the district. The sampling method in the qualitative part of the current research is purposeful through the snowball approach. The method of data collection in the qualitative part was carried out using semi-structured interviews with the members of the statistical community. Open, central and selective coding method was used to analyze the interviews and selected documents, and the method of data collection was done in the quantitative section through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of the qualitative section.
Research Findings
Data analysis was done in the qualitative part using MAXQDA software, and the factor analysis method and SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software were used in the quantitative part. The identified factors were extracted in the form of 9 dimensions and 61 components. The dimensions of the educational model based on the identity development of students with the Iranian-Islamic approach include educational goals and content, teaching and learning methods, trainers and teachers, cultural factors, social factors, psychological factors, media, educational factors, and family factors. Based on the results of quantitative analysis, all dimensions and components of the model were valid and the model has a good fit.
Conclusion
The current research was conducted with the aim of designing an educational model based on identity development with an Iranian-Islamic approach for elementary school students in District five of Tehran. The results of this research are consistent with the results of Jackson et al, (2021), Karimi (2018), Choi et al, (2021), Ismaeili Joshghani (2020), Abbas Hashemi et al, (2019), and Verhoeven et al, (2019). Jackson et al, (2021) stated that grandparents of ethnic minorities play a vital role in the lives of their grandchildren. The important role of ethnic minority grandparents which have been studied but at the same time not assumed is their performance in the racial-racial socialization and identity development of their grandchildren. The results showed that the grandparents of the ethnic minority from a young age and continued living during the multiracial participants have undertaken two focal processes in the process of racial and grandchild socialization of their grandchildren: as beacons of cultural socialization and single center goalkeepers.
According to the obtained results, it is suggested that the people involved in the education system and the policy makers in the field of children provide solutions to strengthen the two aspects of Iranianness and Islam in the educational content provided in schools. It is suggested that the participation of families and teachers in the educational processes in schools should be taken care of by the education officials, and cultural incentive programs should be defined and designed in this regard. It is suggested that seminars and conferences be held to inform family members and teachers and school principals about the aspects of Iranian-Islamic identity.
Original Article (Quantified)
management
seyed reza mousavifard
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital and strategic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior with the moderating role of professional ethics of employees in the General Department of Education of Kermanshah province. The research is applicable ...
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Abstract
The aim of the current research is to investigate the effect of intellectual capital and strategic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior with the moderating role of professional ethics of employees in the General Department of Education of Kermanshah province. The research is applicable in terms of purpose and causal in terms of descriptive-survey nature. The statistical population of the research was the employees of the General Department of Education of Kermanshah province, and the sample size was determined using the Cochran formula of 304 people. A simple random sampling method was chosen. The data collection method was field data collection, and the required tools were Bontis's (1998) intellectual capital, Lear's (2012) strategic leadership, Oregon and Kanowski's (1988) organizational citizenship behavior, and researcher-made professional ethics questionnaires. The method of data analysis was descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using Spss26 and Amos24 software. The findings showed that intellectual capital has a significant and positive effect on organizational citizenship behavior by 66%. Strategic leadership predicted changes in organizational citizenship behavior by 46%, Also, the moderating role of professional ethics of employees between intellectual capital and strategic leadership with organizational citizenship behavior was confirmed, and the moderating rate of this variable was equal to 5% and 3.2%, respectively. The results showed that intellectual capital has a greater effect on organizational citizenship behavior than strategic leadership. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to intellectual capital in order to improve organizational citizenship behavior in the organization.
Extended abstract
Introduction
Organizational citizenship behavior is a unique, voluntary and extra-task behavior that is effective in increasing the efficient performance of the organization and is directly or indirectly organized by the organization's formal reward system (Baharond et al, 2018). Organizational citizenship behavior is an extra-task behavior that exists in the organization among employees, which makes organizational communication stronger in order to solve internal organizational problems. In other words, employees who have good citizenship behavior voluntarily try to solve organizational problems and challenges and reduce the amount of organizational anomalies. Therefore, intellectual capital and strategic leadership can be used to improve and upgrade this important organizational component. Organizations use various resources to grow and improve in the competitive arena and increase their value, because knowledge is considered the most important capital of the organization. As a result, intellectual capital is considered a main and important element in the management of organizations (Peralta et al, 2018). The intellectual capital of a company's employees combines knowledge, experience, intellectual property and information that can be used to create long-term value (Minoja & Romano, 2021). In addition to the many effects of intellectual capital, strategic leadership is of great importance in improving organizational citizenship behavior. Strategic leadership is conceptualized as the process of forming a vision for the future, rendering it to subordinates, stimulating and motivating followers, and participating in strategy-supportive exchanges with peers and subordinates (Malkawi et al, 2017). Despite the high effects of intellectual capital and strategic leadership in organizations, as well as organizational citizenship behavior, it can be said that the professional ethics of employees can be considered a moderating factor. Professional ethics is a set of rules that people must follow voluntarily and based on the call of their conscience and nature in doing professional work; without having an external requirement, or suffer legal punishments in case of violation (Jeong et al, 2017). In line with the stated content, it can be said that the abcense or low level of professional ethics of employees can play a moderating role and reduce the effects of strategic leadership and intellectual capital, and on the other hand, the existence of professional ethics of employees with their clients and colleagues within the organization can improve organizational citizenship behavior. According to the stated contents, this research tries to answer the question: what is the extent of the effects of intellectual capital and strategic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior with the moderating role of professional ethics of employees in the General Department of Education of Kermanshah province?
Theoretical Framework
The term intellectual capital was first expressed by John Kenneth Galbraith (1969) (Bellucci et al, 2020). He not only mentions intellectual capital as a fixed asset, but also considers it an ideological process and a means to achieve a goal. Since 1982, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has conducted many researches in the field of intellectual capital, and many researches have been conducted in European countries such as the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Ireland, etc (Hemati & Mehrabi, 2011). Intellectual capital is generally divided into three dimensions: human capital, structural capital, and communication capital. Human capital is the most valuable asset of the organization, and the source of creativity and innovation. Human capital is considered a basic and primary part for the components of intellectual capital activities. Human capital includes knowledge, skills, experience and wisdom of people (Beattie & Smith, 2010). Strategic leadership is the ability to create a strategic vision for the organization and motivate others to accept that vision. Its most important characteristics are: 1) foresight, eloquence and stability; 2) commitment; 3) ability to receive information; 4) willingness to delegate authority and power; 5) political shrewdness" (Jaliliayn, 2021). The main goal of strategic leadership is the long-term survival of the organization in line with the main business goals. However, it also aims to achieve above-average profits at the same time. Therefore, the primary goal of strategic leadership is to gain profit (Tutar et al, 2011). Oregon et al (1988) used the term organizational citizenship behavior for the first time and defined it as follows: conscious and insightful individual behavior that is not directly and explicitly recognized by the formal reward system and generally improves the organization's functions. Researchers found that many factors influence organizational citizenship behavior; factors such as commitment, satisfaction, organizational justice, leadership style, personality traits, job characteristics and organizational characteristics (MohammadKhani et al, 2013). At first, the concept of professional ethics was used to mean work ethics and business ethics. Even today, some writers of professional ethics use the primary meaning of this concept to define it (Abbaspour & Hosseinzadeh, 2019). Professional ethics has many benefits for the organization from the internal aspect in terms of improving relations, improving the atmosphere of understanding and reducing conflicts, increasing the commitment and more employees and reducing costs due to control, and from the point of view of social responsibility, affects moral commitment in Paying attention to the importance of stakeholders, profitability increase, and competitive advantage by increasing the legitimacy of the organization and its actions (Chokprajakchat & Sumretphol, 2017).
Methodology
The current research is applicable in terms of purpose, and causal type of descriptive-survey in terms of nature. The type of data is quantitative and the required tool is a questionnaire. The method of collecting information is library-type, and the required tool is to scan books, articles and theses. The statistical population of the research is the employees of the General Department of Education of Kermanshah province. The size of the population is 1450 people; from which, by using Cochran's formula, 304 people were selected as a sample. The sampling method is simple due to the lack of access to the entire random statistical population. The data collection method was field data collection, and the required tools are questionnaires of intellectual capital of Bontis (1998), strategic leadership of Lear (2012), organizational citizenship behavior of Organ & Kanoski (1988), and researcher-made professional ethics. The data analysis method is descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and structural equation modeling. The test to check the normality of the data is Kolmogorov-Smirnov. The software used is Spss26 and Amos24.
Discussion and Results
The results of structural equation modeling and model fitting showed that intellectual capital predicts changes in organizational citizenship behavior by 66%.
The results of structural equation modeling and model fitting showed that intellectual capital predicts changes in organizational citizenship behavior by 46%.
The significance level of 0.019 and the positive figure of 2.355 (which is more than 1.96) of the t-statistic indicates the significant and incremental effect of professional ethics as a moderating variable. Therefore, the third hypothesis of the research regarding the impact of intellectual capital on organizational citizenship behavior with the moderating role of professional ethics is confirmed.
The significance level of 0.019 and the positive figure of 2.365 (which is more than 1.96) of the t-statistic indicates the significant and incremental effect of professional ethics as a moderating variable. Therefore, the third hypothesis of the research regarding the effect of strategic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior with the moderating role of professional ethics is confirmed.
Conclusion
One of the most important organizational variables is organizational citizenship behavior. Organizational citizenship behavior is defined as the positive and constructive communication and interaction between employees and their managers, which can improve morale and teamwork in the organization. Organizational citizenship behavior requires special attention to satisfaction, job security and etc. in employees so that they can have an acceptable relationship with their colleagues and support each other in dealing with organizational problems. Organizational citizenship behavior is more observed in organizations where conflicts are at their lowest level and organizational knowledge and management knowledge are at a high level. Therefore, it can be said that intellectual capital as an efficient and effective approach can improve organizational citizenship behavior, in the sense that organizations that have sufficient knowledge and experience can solve their internal problems in a peaceful way. Employees with knowledge and experience often do not have many problems with each other, and if a conflict arises, they can easily resolve it. This is where intangible assets such as intellectual capital can help a lot in solving intra-organizational disputes and improving organizational morale and culture, so that employees can belong to the organization and be committed to organizational activities.
The existence of organizational citizenship behavior makes employees have extra-duty interactions and communication with each other and help each other in dealing with problems. These factors make employees treat their clients more favorably and consider answering them as a matter of course. Organizational citizenship behavior creates a mutual and peaceful relationship between employees with each other, employees with managers and employees with clients. Therefore, strategic leadership as an efficient approach can improve organizational citizenship behavior to an acceptable level. Strategic leadership envisages a vision for the organization and tries to achieve this vision by motivating employees. Achieving the vision in any organization requires motivation, morale, efficiency, mobilization of resources and facilities, communication and constructive interactions in the organization and so on. Without these factors, it is not possible to achieve the developed vision. Therefore, it can be said that due to the nature of strategic leadership, which has the role of formulating a vision in the organization by creating motivation and working spirit in its employees and tries to improve communication between employees, it can have an effect on organizational citizenship behavior.
One of the variables that can moderate the effect of intellectual capital on organizational citizenship behavior is the professional ethics of employees. Although there is a high level of intellectual capital in the organization, the lack of professional ethics of the employees in the organization causes unfavorable behavior of organizational citizenship, and intellectual capital cannot play a significant role in improving the behavior of organizational citizenship. Therefore, the professional ethics of employees is very effective and important and can determine the fluctuation of organizational citizenship behavior. Also, the professional ethics of employees can moderate the effect of strategic leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. The existence of professional ethics of employees in all departments of an organization has a significant impact, and its abcense can create organizational challenges, one of which is the weakening of strategic leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.
Original Article (Mixed)
management
Mohsen Molapanah; Yousef Namvar; Azam Rastgoo; Majid Ahmadlu; Toran Soleimani
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the current research was to design a model for the development of financial literacy of Farhangian University students. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), and the research community in the qualitative part included professors, specialists and experts in the ...
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Abstract
The aim of the current research was to design a model for the development of financial literacy of Farhangian University students. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative), and the research community in the qualitative part included professors, specialists and experts in the financial field; and in the quantitative part, it included all students of Farhangian universities in Ardabil province. In the qualitative section, 21 experts were selected by purposeful selection; and in the quantitative section, 278 students were selected using statistical formulas as a non-random sampling method. Research tools included semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. The analysis of the data collected in the qualitative part was done using the grounded theory method using Maxqda 11 software; in the quantitative part using two methods: descriptive and inferential, using Smart PLS and spss22 software. The results showed that based on the three categories of knowledge, behavior and attitude in the discussion of financial knowledge gender, place of residence; the indicators of parents' education and place of residence were effective in the discussion of financial attitude, and in the field of financial behavior; permanent place of residence and student's income were determined as more effective factors in the financial literacy of Farhangian University students. Based on the extracted model, the knowledge component ranks first in terms of the impact on students' financial literacy with a factor load of 0.751, followed by the behavior component with a factor load of 0.730 and attitude with a factor load of 0.667.
Extended abstract
Introduction
In this century, just reading and writing and even knowing a second language cannot indicate to be literate. According to the definition of Shirzadi (2018), a literate person is a person who has six types of literacy; educational, emotional, communication, media, computer, and financial; every person should have sufficient knowledge about financial affairs and take steps to strengthen their financial literacy (Rahmani & Mohammadi, 2019).
What is certain is that the role of educational and school systems in the creation, growth and development of financial and economic literacy in today's societies becomes more and more important (Taftian, Azdi, & Rejal, 2018). Researches show that those who have received financial training in high school or at work can save businesses (Bernheim & Garrett, 2003). To solve this deficiency, centers have been established to teach financial literacy and financial management styles, all of which are trying to improve the level of financial literacy in the country. The most common of these centers, as all students pass through it, are schools. On the other hand, the educational institution and especially the teachers as one of the pillars and components of the educational institution, along with the family, are among the most influential factors of citizenship education. Therefore, this basic question is raised: how much do future teachers know about financial literacy and do they use it in the process of life? Therefore, in this research, the financial literacy development model of Farhangian University students is examined.
methodology
The current research was a mixed method (qualitative-quantitative), and three stages were passed to achieve the research questions according to the nature of the goals and research questions. In the first stage; the qualitative part, two steps were taken to answer the first question of the research, that is, to determine the components of financial literacy; in the first step, the theoretical foundations and the background of the research were examined using the document analysis method, and then the components of financial literacy were extracted and formulated. In the second step, based on the components identified in the first step, a semi-structured interview was conducted with experts and experienced experts in the financial field, and the data obtained from the semi-structured interview using Maxqda11 software were determined in the form of ground theory method, units Semantic coding, analysis and components of financial literacy.
In the second stage of the qualitative part, the Delphi method was used to answer the second research question; therefore, the components determined in the first stage were provided to financial experts to determine the factors related to the financial literacy of Farhangian University students. After the agreement and approval of the experts, the indicators related to the financial literacy of Farhangian University students were selected to prepare the final questionnaire focusing on the components of financial knowledge, financial attitude and financial behavior. The qualitative research community was formed by professors, specialists and experts in the field of finance who had numerous articles and publications. The number of samples in the qualitative section, which were purposefully selected by the snowball method until reaching theoretical saturation, were 21 professors, specialists and experts in the field of finance.
In the third stage, i.e. the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used to answer the third question of the research, i.e. the financial literacy model of Farhangian University students. The population of the quantitative part consisted of all the students of Farhangian universities in Ardabil province, and to determine the sample size, the structural equation modeling sampling formula (q ≤ n ≤ 15q5) was used, where q is the number of questions in the questionnaire and n is the desired sample size (Homan, 2013).. Based on the 29 questions of the questionnaire, a minimum of 145 and a maximum of 435 students were determined based on the sample size, and finally 278 questionnaires were collected using Cochran's formula. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that was prepared using the data extracted from the qualitative method. The analysis of the collected data was done in the quantitative part by two descriptive and inferential methods using Smart PLS and spss22 software. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire with 29 questions based on a five-point Likert spectrum was used. The content validity ratio for the whole has been obtained as 0.892; therefore, according to experts, the questionnaire components and the entire questionnaire have good content and form validity. Confirmatory factor analysis method has been used to check the validity of the measurement model.
Discussion and Results
The findings of the research regarding the first question of identifying the components of financial literacy revealed that various factors influence people's financial literacy, and other factors are involved and shifted according to the conditions of individuals from different angles. Coherent studies have not been conducted to identify the factors affecting people's financial literacy, and most of the researches have analyzed and investigated a specific axis of employment or positions. After expert review of articles and scientific sources and comparison of opinions and appeals' 13 factors (parents' education, family member's education in financial field, area of residence, family's financial knowledge, social class, individual's income, housing situation, individual's level of education, individual's family background, marital status, number of dependents, age) were identified as the most important factors affecting the financial literacy of Farhangian University students. By examining the theoretical foundations, empirical studies regarding the second question of the research based on the factors that are most related to the financial literacy of student teachers have been taken into consideration. Research shows that the most effective criteria are family financial awareness, individual financial awareness, parents' education, family member's financial education, individual's education level, individual's income, and social class in the field of financial literacy of Farhangian University students, among which, by Delphi method implementation, 7 agents were confirmed. The findings of the research regarding the third research question about the financial literacy model of Farhangian University students showed that in the conceptual model of the research, all three components of knowledge, attitude and behavior were effective on the financial literacy of Farhangian University students and based on the extracted model, the knowledge component in terms of amount influence on students' financial literacy is in the first rank, and the behavior and attitude component are in the next ranks. Confirmatory factor analysis shows that the model has good reliability. The study is based on the observed criterion of the goodness index of the appropriate power of the model in the prediction of the appropriate endogenous variable. According to the coefficient of determination, the structural model under investigation is of appropriate quality. The findings of this research are in agreement with the findings of Ojand & Mahmoudpour (2023), Jana, Sinha, & Gupta (2024), Kazempour Dizji et al., (2020), Moeinfar et al., (2023), Purwidianti et al., (2022), Novitasari et al., (2021), Baker et al., (2018), and Taftian & Tajamlian (2020).
Conclusion
According to the results obtained for improving the level of financial literacy in the society, which definitely has many effects on the level of welfare of the society and increasing production, regarding the knowledge level of the development of public education and providing reasons for increasing the level of financial literacy in the field of basic concepts such as the government's guarantee for deposits in banks, the current value of investments and specific financial knowledge questions such as credit card, interest compounding, time value of money, the effect of inflation on the price level and investment must be provided, which in addition to responding to cultural and social needs, can be the basis for the growth and progress of the society that seeks development. At this level, depending on the necessity of financial literacy education and its impact on the country's economy, it is necessary to develop a curriculum for different educational levels and also design financial literacy education courses for different sections of the society. In this context, the awareness of the society can be increased by holding educational workshops and seminars, holding medium-term and long-term training courses.
Using magazines, brochures and books, extensive culture building through the national media is worthy of attention to improve the attitude level of the society. This important issue in Iran and especially in the capital market has been pursued by various institutions, including the stock Exchange Organization, Tehran Stock Exchange, Exchange Information and Services Company and other public and private institutions; but measures should be taken in such a way that the individual's reaction to factors such as inflation, exchange rate, risk and financial planning is reasonable and correct. At the level of financial behavior, by providing the conditions for the use and implementation of the knowledge and mindsets of the people of the society through the transfer of shares and the permission to buy and sell, etc., which will reduce the risk-taking of people, so that before making a decision on investment, all financial products should carefully and thoughtfully evaluated, save instead of borrowing, do his own assessment of the affordability of products and services, and plan for retirement.
Curriculum planners, who are the main custodians of curriculum development, using the results of this research and using the issues and general principles of financial literacy education; by developing a curriculum specific to financial literacy, should present the goals, content, method and evaluation in the form of two units of study in Farhangian University.
In the current research, some limitations were effective; in the discussion of attitude measurement structure; that definite measurement is not possible. Another case is related to demographic asymmetry in Ardabil cultural universities, where the population of boys is more than girls; therefore, caution should be taken in generalizing the research and it is suggested to conduct a parallel research. The presented model is specific to Farhangian University with its own characteristics; Therefore, it is possible to generalize with other societies.
Original Article (Quantified)
Education Management
Hosein Majooni; Siroos Ghanbari
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the focal relationship of level five leadership with organizational excellence of schools. The statistical population of the research included all the teachers of primary schools in Fars province in the academic year of 1399-1400, numbering 16,264 people. ...
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the focal relationship of level five leadership with organizational excellence of schools. The statistical population of the research included all the teachers of primary schools in Fars province in the academic year of 1399-1400, numbering 16,264 people. According to the classes of the research society such as the type of region (rich, semi-rich and deprived), the number of cities/districts (39) and gender (male and female) by proportional stratified random sampling method and based on the Cochran formula, a sample of The volume of 375 people was selected. The research method is quantitative, descriptive and correlational. Data collection was done based on five-level leadership questionnaire of Cham Asemani and Amarloo Organizational Excellence, whose Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. In order to analyze the data, descriptive techniques, Pearson correlation matrix, focal correlation analysis and multiple linear regression were used using SPSS 25 software. The results showed that: the dimensions of level five leadership have a positive and significant focal correlation in alpha of 0.01 with a value of 0.725 with the organizational excellence of schools and are able to explain 464% of the variance of the variable of organizational excellence of schools. Dimensions of manager's personality traits; Choosing competent employees, then setting the goal; disciplinary culture; The use of technology and the force density dimension has a positive and significant effect on the organizational excellence variable of schools at the level of 0.01.
Original Article (Qualitative)
management
Elyas hasanzadeh Shweili; Mir Mehrdad peidaie; Ali reza Rezghi Rostami
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to formulate and present a mathematical model for the purpose of organizational culture architecture based on creating alignment between the strategic reference points of organizational elements. The research method is applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose ...
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The purpose of this research is to formulate and present a mathematical model for the purpose of organizational culture architecture based on creating alignment between the strategic reference points of organizational elements. The research method is applied-developmental research in terms of its purpose and exploratory in terms of its nature. The statistical population of the research includes 20 academic and organizational experts, and the sampling was done in a purposeful, judgmental and snowball manner, and the interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Semi-structured interview was used in this research. Delphi and fuzzy neural system were used to collect and analyze data. For data analysis, in order to refine the components and criteria of the conceptual model from the point of view of experts, the fuzzy Delphi technique was used, and in order to present the mathematical model, the adaptive fuzzy inference system and Matlab software were used. The results showed that a total of 4 dimensions, 12 components and 57 evaluation criteria and several sub-criteria were identified, which include antecedents (business strategy, leadership, organizational structure, technology, human resources strategy), process (organizational culture, change strategy) and results. (individual, group results, organizational performance) is the result (public accountability, increase of social capital) and the model obtained in the organizations of the Islamic Revolution Foundation of the Underprivileged Foundation has been tested and finally the characteristics and applicability of this model in simulation and prediction The vision of the optimal organizational culture based on creating alignment between the strategic reference points of the organizational elements has been evaluated.
Original Article (Qualitative)
management
Atieh sarayani; Vahid pourshahabi; Nourmohammad yaghobi; Amin reza kamaliyan
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to present the model of recruitment and selection of public sector human resources with the entrepreneurial government approach. This research is applied in terms of its purpose, in terms of the method of data collection in a qualitative form, and in terms of the research ...
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The purpose of this research is to present the model of recruitment and selection of public sector human resources with the entrepreneurial government approach. This research is applied in terms of its purpose, in terms of the method of data collection in a qualitative form, and in terms of the research implementation method with a meta-composite approach. The statistical population of the research includes all elites and university professors and relevant experts in the field of human resources and entrepreneurial government in Sistan and Baluchistan province, whose number in 2019 is about 200 people, who were selected non-randomly in a purposeful way. For data analysis, meta-combination method was used. Extraction of components and indicators was obtained from background investigation and theoretical foundations, and then coding was used for analysis. According to data analysis, 545 final codes were extracted through open coding and then, using axial coding in the form of 121 concepts and 16 categories (contextual (environmental) factors, structural (organizational) factors, behavioral (content) factors, Recruiting human resources, selecting human resources, identifying entrepreneurial opportunities in the public sector, exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities in the public sector, executive and managerial obstacles, political and legal obstacles, economic obstacles, cultural and social obstacles, combined selection with domination Internal resources in experience-based jobs, combined selection with external resources in knowledge-based jobs, individual consequences, organizational consequences, social consequences) were categorized and finally, in the selective coding stage, a process and multidimensional model was used for the first time in The level of government organizations of Sistan and Baluchistan province is presented.
Original Article (Qualitative)
management
Mohammad Shaaf Amal; Ahmad Vedadi; Mehdi Tavakoli; Daryoosh Gholamzadeh
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to provide a model of the factors of leaving the service of the elites in Iran's continental shelf oil company. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, descriptive-survey type. This research is also ...
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The aim of the current research is to provide a model of the factors of leaving the service of the elites in Iran's continental shelf oil company. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative, descriptive-survey type. This research is also thematic analysis. The statistical population of this research includes 12 managers of Continental Plateau Oil Company and universities, and the purposeful sampling method was used. Also, in order to collect data, using the content analysis of related backgrounds and the library method, indicators were extracted, and the research model was extracted through three-step coding. According to the analysis that has been carried out using thematic analysis method to determine the factors of leaving the service of the elites in Continental Plateau Oil Company of Iran, 47 indicators (items), 8 components and 3 dimensions have been identified and confirmed. The results showed that the factors of leaving the service of elites include three organizational dimensions (job nature, management, organizational culture), individual (motivation, demographic characteristics, psychological factors) and environmental (laws and regulations, environmental pressures).
Original Article (Quantified)
Education Management
Ali Akbar Mollaie; Mohammad Aslam Raiesi
Abstract
The purpose of the research was to evaluate the teaching of Arabic lessons in higher education based on the Kirkpatrick model in Tehran's higher education institutions. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a descriptive-survey type, ...
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The purpose of the research was to evaluate the teaching of Arabic lessons in higher education based on the Kirkpatrick model in Tehran's higher education institutions. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of the data collection method, it is a descriptive-survey type, in which a questionnaire tool was used. Questionnaire was used in the field section. The statistical population of the present study includes students of higher education institutions in Tehran. The total number of the statistical population of this research is 291 people. In order to estimate the sufficient number of samples in this research, Cochran's sample estimation formula was used. Therefore, 166 students of higher education institutions in Tehran will be selected as the research sample. The sampling method in the current research is simple random sampling. The questionnaire for evaluating the effectiveness of the training course was created by Abbas Arab in 2013, a doctoral student of educational management at Semnan University, based on Kirkpatrick's evaluation model, which has 29 questions. The findings of the research showed that the components of teaching effectiveness evaluation, including reaction, learning and results, are able to predict the effectiveness of teaching Arabic lessons in higher education based on the Kirkpatrick model. Based on the findings of the research, the teaching of Arabic lessons in Tehran's higher education institutions is at an optimal level in terms of response components, learning and results.
Original Article (Qualitative)
management
Seyedeh Somayeh Mousavi Siah Deleh; Samad Jabbari Asl; Musa Rezvani Chaman Zamin
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify and stratify the factors affecting the acceptance of excellence model in Islamic Azad University with the interpretive structural modeling approach. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, qualitative in terms of implementation, and exploratory ...
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The purpose of this research is to identify and stratify the factors affecting the acceptance of excellence model in Islamic Azad University with the interpretive structural modeling approach. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, qualitative in terms of implementation, and exploratory in nature. The statistical population of the research includes 10 management professors of the Azad Universities of Gilan province. Theoretical sampling method was used. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. In order to analyze the data, the theme analysis method was used, and in order to level the identified criteria, the interpretive structural modeling method was used in MACMIC software. The results of the data analysis from the interviews revealed three main factors including: management factors, external factors, and attitudinal-behavioral factors and 24 sub-indexes which were categorized in the form of the mentioned three factors. The results of the leveling of the identified sub-indicators also showed that factors such as weakness in macro policies, weakness in predicting specific financial resources and low culture of applying the excellence model in universities (related to the category of external factors), formulating and implementing effective strategies In order to implement the model of excellence in university branches, as well as the correct understanding of the current situation and needs (related to the category of managerial factors) and the usefulness of using the model in the career promotion of executives (related to the category of attitudinal-behavioral factors) are among the most important indicators affecting the method of the model of excellence They are in Islamic Azad University.
Original Article (Mixed)
management
Vahid Mohammadi; Musa Rezvani Chaman Zamin; Badri Abbasi; Morteza Hazraty; Mehran Nasirzad
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to provide a model of the quality of work life with a strategic approach of human resources in the administrative system of Bank Mellat. According to its purpose, the research method is applied, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation, and descriptive-survey ...
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The purpose of this research is to provide a model of the quality of work life with a strategic approach of human resources in the administrative system of Bank Mellat. According to its purpose, the research method is applied, mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation, and descriptive-survey in terms of nature and method. The statistical population included 20 academic and banking experts in the qualitative section and 378 employees and experts of Mellat Bank across the country were selected as a sample in the quantitative section, and simple stratified sampling was used. Data collection was done in the qualitative part of semi-structured interviews and in the quantitative part of the questionnaire. MAXQDA coding and software were used in qualitative part data analysis and SPSS and AMOS software were used in quantitative part. The results of the t-test showed that all 5 main components, 20 sub-components and 118 sub-components identified have an impact on the quality of work life with the strategic approach of human resources in the administrative system of Bank Mellat. The results obtained from the model fit indices also showed that the research model is a good model in terms of fit with the experimental data. The results of the t test showed that the most effective component on the pattern of quality of work life with a strategic approach to human resources in the administrative system of Bank Mellat is the component "Working relationships between colleagues" with a statistical value (t = 31.045) and the least effective component is also The component "decision support systems in managers' decision-making" with a statistical value (t = 13.102) is in this evaluation.
Original Article (Qualitative)
management
fatemeh khoshhal; ali reza sargolzaie; zahra vazife
Abstract
The aim of this study is to identify the components of the empowerment model of administrative system employees based on organizational intelligence and interpersonal relationships in the electricity industry of Sistan and Baluchistan province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms ...
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The aim of this study is to identify the components of the empowerment model of administrative system employees based on organizational intelligence and interpersonal relationships in the electricity industry of Sistan and Baluchistan province. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of qualitative approach. The statistical population includes 17 scientific experts and senior managers of electricity industry companies, who were selected by the purposeful and snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and continued until the theoretical saturation stage was reached. Merriam's method and percentage agreement coefficient were used to increase the scientific validity of the results in the qualitative part. Data analysis was done using the inductive theme analysis method by MaxQD software. The results of this stage were presented in the form of a model including antecedents, dimensions, variation factors and consequences. The results of the present research show that the use of the organizational intelligence approach and interpersonal relationships is effective for empowering employees and has led to the conceptual development of this variable and recognition of new dimensions of this phenomenon.
Original Article (Mixed)
management
Shahin Hayati; Haleh Fazel; Lora Chapari
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the needs assessment process of training courses for the staff of the general sports and youth departments. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative and based on the inductive approach. The ...
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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the needs assessment process of training courses for the staff of the general sports and youth departments. According to its purpose, the research method is practical, and in terms of implementation, it is qualitative and based on the inductive approach. The statistical population of the research includes all professors of sports management, managers, deputy general departments of sports and youth, and sampling was done (intentionally or judgmentally) and in this research, 15 people were interviewed and based on the selection of this sample method Taking the sample by the researcher was based on personal judgment and study objectives and the nature of the research. After conducting the interviews and using the theoretical saturation technique, interviews were conducted with 12 members of the sample. The evaluation of the design and planning component of training courses is based on the ISO 10015 standard. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Open, central and selective coding was used for data analysis. According to the results obtained regarding the needs assessment components, there are 6 main categories related to the content of the needs assessment courses, the process of implementation of the needs assessment, the participation of the organization members in the course, the timing and prioritization of the basic needs of the organization and finally the applicability of the topics raised in The period was extracted.
Original Article (Quantified)
management
Abdolmajid Kord; Mansur Garkaz; Alireza Maetoofi; Ali khuzin; Alireza Hasan Maleki
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to present a professional thinking model of employees based on the dimensions of ambivalence and psychological empowerment. The research method is practical according to its purpose; In terms of the hypothesis-deductive approach, and in terms of the research implementation ...
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The purpose of this research is to present a professional thinking model of employees based on the dimensions of ambivalence and psychological empowerment. The research method is practical according to its purpose; In terms of the hypothesis-deductive approach, and in terms of the research implementation method, it is descriptive-exploratory. The statistical population of the research includes 1100 people from Iran's public accountant community, 297 people were selected as a sample using Morgan's table, and the sampling method is available. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha method was used using SPSS software and composite reliability was used using SMART PLS software. Also, confirmatory factor analysis was used to show the reliability of the questionnaire. The results showed that there is a relationship between the dimensions and components of professional thinking and Du Sotwani. There is a relationship between the dimensions and components of professional thinking and empowerment. The obtained value for GOF is 0.51, which confirms the very good fit of the overall model.
Original Article (Mixed)
Education Management
mohamadreza rasouli; ghafar tari; hossein Baghaei
Abstract
The aim of the present research is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of professional competence of school managers with an emphasis on environmental sustainability and sustainable development. The research method, in line with its objective, is applied and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) ...
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The aim of the present research is to investigate the antecedents and consequences of professional competence of school managers with an emphasis on environmental sustainability and sustainable development. The research method, in line with its objective, is applied and mixed (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of implementation. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative section included experts and professors in the field of education in Tehran, who were sampled purposefully, and in the quantitative section, school managers in Tehran were selected through random-stratified sampling for the validation of the research model. In the qualitative part of the research, data and information were collected through interviews with experts and professors in the field of education, and then the model of professional competence of school managers as a key driver of sustainable development was validated based on a questionnaire. MAXQDA 18 and PLS-Smart 3 software were used for data analysis. The research findings indicated that the model of professional competence of managers includes competence-building skills, managerial competencies, ethical competencies and professional behavior, manager development, social indicators of managers, establishment of work groups for performance improvement and green competence, attitude competencies, knowledge competencies, educational competencies, commercialization competencies of knowledge, skills and technology, work ethic, consumption pattern improvement, participation in development, and moving towards national empowerment, leading to the realization of work ethic results, consumption pattern improvement, participation in development, movement towards national empowerment, diversity management, and enhancing the relationship between humans and nature.